Cloud Computing — page 2 of 4

Cloud Computing terms

101. customer gateway A router or software application on your side of a VPN tunnel that is managed by Amazon VPC.
102. dashboard See definition for: digital dashboard
103. Data Pipeline A web service offered by Amazon which enables you to process and move data between different AWS services such as computing, storage and on-premise data…
104. database engine The database software and version running on the DB instance.
105. database name The name of a database hosted in a DB instance. A DB instance can host multiple databases, but databases hosted by the same DB instance must each have a…
106. DB compute class Size of the database compute platform used to run the instance.
107. DB instance An isolated database environment running in the cloud. A DB instance can contain multiple user-created databases.
108. DB instance identifier User-supplied identifier for the DB instance. The identifier must be unique for that user in an AWS region.
109. DB parameter group A container for database engine parameter values that apply to one or more DB instances.
110. DB security group A method that controls access to the DB instance. By default, network access is turned off to DB instances.
111. DB snapshot A user-initiated point backup of a DB instance.
112. Dedicated Instance An instance that is physically isolated at the host hardware level and launched within a VPC.
113. default deny The default result from a policy in the absence of an allow or explicit deny.
114. delete marker An object with a key and version ID, but without content. Amazon S3 inserts delete markers automatically into versioned buckets when an object is deleted.
115. deployment (1) The placement of force elements in battle positions to obtain a higher state of readiness.
116. Description property A property added to parameters, resources, resource properties, mappings, and outputs, to help you to document AWS CloudFormation template elements.
117. detailed monitoring Monitoring of AWS-provided metrics derived at a 1-minute frequency.
118. dimension A name/value pair (for example, InstanceType=m1.small, or EngineName=mysql), that contains additional information to identify a metric.
119. Disaster Recovery (DR) (DR) An architecture is a prevention mechanism that scales up immediately and enable a rapid failover in case of a failure in users’ critical IT systems.
120. discussion forums A place where AWS users can post technical questions and feedback to help accelerate their development efforts and to engage with the AWS community.
121. distributed cache A Hadoop feature that allow you to transfer files from a distributed file system to the local file system.
122. Domain Name System (DNS) (DNS) Hierarchical distributed database used for name/address translation and client-server rendezvous.
123. DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) (DKIM) A standard that email senders use to sign their messages. ISPs use those signatures to verify that messages are legitimate.
124. Donation button An HTML-coded button to provide an easy and secure way for US-based, IRS-certified 501(c)3 nonprofit organizations to solicit donations.
125. Dynamo DB A NoSQL database service offered by Amazon that allows guaranteed throughput and low latency, making it suitable for users interested in gaming, ad tech…
126. EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) EC2 stands for Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud. Using EC2 you can launch instances (specific packages of dedicated compute resources) that look and feel…
127. EC2 compute unit An AWS standard for compute CPU and memory. This measure enables you to evaluate the CPU capacity of different EC2 instance types.
128. EC2 instance In Amazon EC2, this is simply an instance. Other AWS services use the term EC2 instance to distinguish these instances from other types of instances they…
129. Elastic Block Store (EBS) (EBS) Offers block level storage volumes for EC2 users. With Amazon EBS, users can decrease the risk of running into component failures as its feature…
130. Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) (EC2) A web service that is central to Amazon’s cloud computing platform. It allows users to ‘rent’ from its resizable computing capacity and possibly…
131. elastic IP address A fixed (static) IP address that you have allocated in Amazon EC2 or Amazon VPC and then attached to an instance.
132. Elastic Load Balancing A web service that improves an application's availability by distributing incoming traffic between two or more EC2 instances. See Also http://aws.amazon.
133. Elastic MapReduce (EMR) (EMR) Allows any AWS user to process large amounts of data using a hosted Hadoop framework. This feature runs on the EC2 and S3 infrastructure.
134. elastic network interface An additional network interface that can be attached to an instance. ENIs include a primary private IP address, one or more secondary private IP…
135. ElastiCache Provides in-memory caching for web applications. Users can use this feature to retrieve information from in-memory caches faster than getting information…
136. endpoint In clinical trials, an event or outcome that can be measured objectively to determine whether the intervention being studied is beneficial.
137. endpoint port Amazon RDS: The port number used by a DB instance.
138. ephemeral store See instance store>/a>.
139. epoch The date from which time is measured. For most Unix environments, the epoch is January 1, 1970.
140. eventual consistency The method through which AWS products achieve high availability, which involves replicating data across multiple servers in Amazon's data centers.
141. eventually consistent read See consistent read.
142. explicit deny An explicit deny results from a statement that has effect=deny, assuming that any stated conditions are met. Example: Deny all requests from Antarctica.
143. explicit launch permission An Amazon Machine Image launch permission granted to a specific AWS account.
144. exponential backoff A strategy that incrementally increases the wait between retry attempts in order to reduce the load on the system and increase the likelihood that…
145. External Cloud A cloud computing environment that is external to the boundaries of the organization.
146. federated identity management (FIM) (FIM) Allows individuals to sign in to different networks or services, using the same group or personal credentials to access data across all networks.
147. federated user A user whose account resides in an account partner organization and who can access federated applications that reside in a resource partner organization.
148. field weight The relative importance of a text field in a search index. Field weights control how much matches in particular text fields affect a document's relevance…
149. filter A criterion you specify to limit the results when you list or describe your Amazon EC2 resources.
150. flexible capacity This flexible capacity is a key difference between cloud computing and traditional outsourcing and hosted data centers.
151. format version See template format version.
152. Forums See discussion forums.
153. function A built-in formula that performs a specialized calculation automatically.
154. Funnel Cloud A condensation funnel extending from the base of a towering cumulus or Cb, associated with a rotating column of air that is not in contact with the ground…
155. gibibyte A contraction of giga binary byte, a gibibyte is 2^30 bytes or 1,073,741,824 bytes. A gigabyte is 10^9 or 1,000,000,000 bytes.
156. group (also referred to as a Technology Center or TC) - a unit of several Group Art Units in the mechanical, electrical, chemical or design area, managed by one…
157. Hadoop See http://hadoop.apache.org.
158. Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) (HDFS) The HDFS file system stores large files across multiple machines. It achieves reliability by replicating the data across multiple hosts, and hence does…
159. Hard Disk Storage (HDS) or Hard Drives (HD) the storage componet of Cloud computing requires that data be online for real-time access by remote users.
160. Hardware Virtual Machine (HVM) virtualization (HVM) Lets the guest VM run as though it is on a native hardware platform, except that it still uses para-virtual (PV) network and storage drivers for improved…
161. hardware VPN A hardware-based IPsec VPN connection over the Internet.
162. Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) (HMAC) A specific construction for calculating a message authentication code (MAC) involving a cryptographic hash function in combination with a secret key.
163. health check A system call to check on the health status of each instance in an Auto Scaling group.
164. Hive An open source, data warehouse and analytic package that runs on top of Hadoop.
165. hosted zone A collection of resource record sets that Amazon Route 53 hosts. Like a traditional DNS zone file, a hosted zone represents a collection of records that…
166. Hybrid Cloud A computing environment combining both private (internal) and public (external) cloud computing environments.
167. Identity and Access Management (IAM) (IAM) A service that is used to authenticate access to the various services of AWS. IAM allows users to securely control access to their infrastructure and…
168. Image To image a hard drive is to make an identical copy of the hard drive, including empty sectors.
169. Import/Export A storage and content delivery service that accelerates the rate it takes to move large amounts of data into and out of AWS using storage devices that are…
170. Infrastructure as Service (IaaS) (IaaS) A cloud computing service model that delivers computing, storage and network resources to users via the cloud.
171. instance Area of the game that is for you and your party alone.
172. instance family A general instance type grouping using either storage or CPU capacity.
173. instance group A Hadoop cluster contains one master instance group that contains one master node, a core instance group containing one or more core node and an optional…
174. instance store Disk storage that is physically attached to the host computer for an EC2 instance, and therefore has the same lifespan as the instance.
175. instance store-backed AMI Instances launched from this type of AMI use an instance store volume as the root device.
176. instance type A specification that defines the memory, CPU, storage capacity, and hourly cost for an instance.
177. Internal Cloud A cloud computing-like environment within the boundaries of an organization and typically available for exclusive use by said organization.
178. Internet gateway Connects a network to the Internet. You can route traffic for IP addresses outside your VPC to the Internet gateway.
179. Internet Service Provider (ISP) A company that provides subscribers with access to the Internet. Many ISPs are also mailbox providers.
180. intrinsic function A special action in a template that assigns values to properties not available until runtime.
181. IP Address A string of four numbers separated by periods used to represent a computer on the Internet.
182. issuer Issuer means any person who issues or proposes to issue any security. Corporations, for example, may issue stock to the public, limited partnerships may…
183. item A column of information in an attribute table, for example, a single attribute of a record in an INFO data file.
184. JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) (JSON) A lightweight data-interchange format. For information about JSON, see http://www.json.org/.
185. job flow A job flow specifies the complete processing of the data. It's comprised of one or more steps, which specify all of the functions to be performed on the…
186. key A block, often used in a series, which projects beyond the edge of the enframement of an opening and is joined with the surrounding masonry.
187. key pair A set of security credentials you use to prove your identity electronically. A key pair consists of a private key and a public key.
188. key prefix A logical grouping of the objects in a bucket. The prefix value is similar to a directory name that enables you to store similar data under the same…
189. launch configuration A set of descriptive parameters used to create new EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling activity.
190. launch permission An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) attribute that allows users to launch an AMI.
191. Lifecycle The records lifecycle is the life span of a record from its creation or receipt to its final disposition.
192. linearly scalable The system will be predictable and efficient in growing the application. If one server can process 1,000 transactions per second, two servers should be…
193. load balancer A load balancer is a combination of a DNS name and a set of ports, which together provide a destination for all requests intended for your application.
194. logical name A case-sensitive unique string within an AWS CloudFormation template that identifies a resource, mapping, parameter, or output.
195. machine utilization The amount of machine capacity used to complete a particular request (for example SELECT, GET, PUT, and so on), normalized to the hourly capacity of a…
196. mailbox provider An organization that provides email mailbox hosting services. Mailbox providers are sometimes referred to as Internet Service Providers, even if they only…
197. main route table The default route table that any new VPC subnet uses for routing. You can associate a subnet with a different route table of your choice.
198. Management Console Allows clients to access and manage AWS through a user-friendly interface. With this console, users can see all AWS services in one place, manage their…
199. manifest An XML document that describes requirements for an application. The application manifest can be a separate file or embedded in the application's .exe file.
200. mapper An executable that splits the raw data into key/value pairs. The reducer uses the output of the mapper, called the intermediate results, as its input.