germ cell (jurm sel)A reproductive cell of the body. Germ cells are egg cells in females and sperm cells in males.
germ cell gene therapyThe repair or replacement of a defective gene within the gamete-forming tissues, resulting in a heritable change in an organism's genetic constitution.
germ cell tumor(jurm sel TOO-mer) A type of tumor that begins in the cells that give rise to sperm or eggs.
germ layerThe layers of cells in an animal embryo at the gastrula stage, from which the various organs of the animal's body will be derived.
Germ layersThe three germ layers are the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm and are the three precursory tissue layers of the early, primitive embryo (which form at…
germ lineA lineage of cells which, during the development of an organism, are set aside as potential gamete-forming tissues.
germ-free(jurm-free) Free of bacteria, viruses, and other organisms that can cause infection and disease.
German chamomile(JER-mun KA-moh-MY-ul) A plant whose daisy-like flowers are used in tea to calm and relax, improve sleep, and help stomach problems.
German Commission EThe German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices Commission E. A committee made up of scientists, toxicologists, doctors, and pharmacists formed…
germaneOn the subject of the pending bill or other business; a strict standard of relevance.
germanium photodiodeA germanium-based PN- or PIN-junction photodiode. Note 1: Germanium photodiodes are useful for direct detection of optical wavelengths from approximately…
germicideAny chemical agent used to control or kill any pathogenic and non-pathogenic micro-organisms.
germinal epithelium1. A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the ovary that are continuous with the mesothelium. 2.
germination1. The initial stages in the growth of a seed to form a seedling. 2. The growth of spores (fungal or algal) and pollen grains.
germinoma(jer-mih-NO-ma) The most common type of germ cell tumor in the brain.
Germline cellsCells that contain inherited material that comes from the eggs and sperm, and that are passed on to offspring.
germline DNAThe DNA in germ cells (egg and sperm cells that join to form an embryo). Germline DNA is the source of DNA for all other cells in the body.
germline mutation(...myoo-TAY-shun) A gene change in a body's reproductive cell (egg or sperm) that becomes incorporated into the DNA of every cell in the body of the…
germplasm1. An individual, group of individuals or a clone representing a genotype, variety, species or culture, held in an in situ or ex situ collection. 2.
Gerota's capsule(gay-ROH-tuz KAP-sul) A fibrous envelope of tissue that surrounds the kidney. Also called Gerota's fascia and renal fascia.
Gerota's fascia(gay-ROH-tuz FA-shuh) A fibrous envelope of tissue that surrounds the kidney. Also called Gerota's capsule and renal fascia.
Gerson therapy(GER-sun THAYR-uh-pee) A diet plan that has been claimed to be a treatment for cancer, migraine, tuberculosis, and other diseases.
GestationThe period between conception (fertilization of the egg ) to parturition (birth) spent in utero by the foetus of viviparous animals.
Gestational Diabetes(GDM) Diabetes mellitus that develops during pregnancy and usually goes away after pregnancy, but about 60% of those women will eventually develop Type II…
gestational trophoblastic disease(jeh-STAY-shuh-nul troh-fuh-BLAS-tik dih-ZEEZ) Any of a group of tumors that develops from trophoblastic cells (cells that help an embryo attach to the…
gestational trophoblastic tumor(jeh-STAY-shuh-nul troh-fuh-BLAS-tik TOO-mer) Any of a group of tumors that develops from trophoblastic cells (cells that help an embryo attach to the…
GETSAbbreviation for Government Emergency Telecommunications Service (GETS).
GFGround Fog- Fog produced over the land by the cooling of the lower atmosphere as it comes in contact with the ground.
GFEGovernment Furnished Equipment. See Government Furnished Property.
GFS(Global Forecast System) One of the operational forecast models run at NCEP. The GFS is run four times daily, with forecast output out to 384 hours.
GG745A drug used to treat symptoms of an enlarged prostate gland. It is being studied in the treatment of male hair loss and prostate cancer.
GGF (Global Grid Forum)The Global Grid Forum was founded in 2001 when the merger of regional grid organizations created a single worldwide one
GhostingThis condition occurs when two or more targets reside close to the same plane also containing two sensors viewing the targets so they are within…
GIRefers to the stomach and intestines. Also called gastrointestinal.
GI14721An antitumor drug that belongs to the family of drugs called topoisomerase inhibitors. It is a camptothecin analog.
giant cell fibroblastoma(JY-unt SEL FY-broh-blas-TOH-muh) A rare type of soft tissue tumor marked by painless nodules in the dermis (the inner layer of the two main layers of…
giant hypertrophic gastritis(JY-unt hy-per-TROH-fik ga-STRY-tis) A condition marked by inflammation and ulcers (breaks on the skin or on the surface of an organ) of the mucosa (inner…
Giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta)An aquatic fern prohibited in the United States by Federal law. An invasive, rapidly growing plant that covers the surfaces of lakes and streams forming…
gibberellinsA class of plant growth regulators which are active in the elongation, enhancement of flower, fruit and leaf size, germination, vernalization and other…
gibibyteA contraction of giga binary byte, a gibibyte is 2^30 bytes or 1,073,741,824 bytes. A gigabyte is 10^9 or 1,000,000,000 bytes.
GiftA payment, advance, forbearance, rendering, or deposit of money, or anything of value, unless consideration of equal or greater value is received by the…
Gift LetterA letter that a family member writes verifying that s/he has given you a certain amount of money as a gift and that you don't have to repay it.
Gift taxA gift tax is a tax on the combined total value of the taxable gifts you make that exceed your lifetime federal tax-exempt limit of $1 million.
gigabit (Gb)One billion bits. Unit of measure for data transfer.
Gigabit and 10-Gigabit EthernetAn Ethernet technology that raises transmission speed to either 1Gbps or 10Gbps and is compatible with existing Ethernet networks.
GIIS (Grid Index Information Service )Grid Index Information Service is the database that contains indexes of resource information registered by the GRIS and other GIISs.
Gila troutOne of Arizona's two native trout species. Gila trout had been extirpated (eliminated) from Arizona, but were reintroduced in the mid 1990s.
gillRespiratory organ of many aquatic animals, such as fish.
gill net, gill-netA commercial (not sport-fishing) net used to harvest fish. So named because of the mesh sizes designed to catch the intended species by the gill.
gill openingan opening behind the head that connects the gill chamber to the exterior.
Gilt-edged securityWhen the term gilt-edged is applied to bonds, it's the equivalent of describing a stock as a blue chip.
gimatecanA substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called topoisomerase inhibitors. Also called ST1481.
gingerAn herb with a root that has been used in cooking, and by some cultures to treat nausea, vomiting, and certain other medical conditions.
gingiva(JIN-jih-vuh) The tissue of the upper and lower jaws that surrounds the base of the teeth. Also called gums.
gingivitisA swelling and soreness of the gums that, without treatment, can cause serious gum problems and disease.
ginkgo(GING-koh) A tree native to China. Substances taken from the leaves and seeds have been used in some cultures to treat certain medical problems.
ginkgo biloba(GING-koh BY-LOH-buh) A tree native to China. Substances taken from the leaves and seeds have been used in some cultures to treat certain medical problems.
Ginnie MaeNickname for Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA).
ginsengAn herb with a root that has been used in some cultures to treat certain medical problems. It may have anticancer effects.
GISP2Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2, the second phase of an effort by a group of scientists to produce long records of climate by drilling at the summit of the…
GISTA type of tumor that usually begins in cells in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. It can be benign or malignant.
gist of the inventionThis may also be referred to as the "heart of the invention." It refers to what are the novel and unique features of the claimed invention.
GITISGovernment Integrated Technical Information System.