ExpertGlossary terms starting with G

1,349 terms

  1. glue language A language such as Perl that is good at hooking things together that weren't intended to be hooked together.
  2. glufosfamide An anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called alkylating agents.
  3. Gluon The carrier particle of the strong interactions. It holds quarks together and the atom's nucleus together.
  4. glutamic acid (gloo-TA-mik A-sid) One of twenty amino acids (molecules that join together to form proteins).
  5. glutamine An amino acid used in nutrition therapy. It is also being studied for the treatment of diarrhea caused by radiation therapy to the pelvis.
  6. glutathione A substance found in plant and animal tissues that has many functions in a cell.
  7. glutathione S-transferase A family of enzymes involved in metabolism and in making toxic compounds less harmful to the body.
  8. gluten A mixture of two seed storage protein classes, gliadin and glutenin, found in the endosperm of cereal (particularly wheat) grain.
  9. glycan (GLY-kan) A large carbohydrate molecule. It contains many small sugar molecules that are joined chemically. Also called polysaccharide.
  10. glycan analysis (GLY-kan uh-NA-lih-sis) A study of the types of carbohydrate (sugar) molecules attached to proteins in cells.
  11. glycemic index (gly-SEE-mik …) A measure of the increase in the level of blood glucose (a type of sugar) caused by eating a specific carbohydrate (food that…
  12. glycerin (C3H8O3) A liquid by-product of biodiesel production. Glycerin is used in the manufacture of dynamite, cosmetics, liquid soaps, inks, and lubricants.
  13. glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase inhibitor A drug that blocks DNA synthesis and may prevent tumor growth. It is being studied as a treatment for cancer.
  14. Glycine max A product from a plant of Asian origin that produces beans used in many food products.
  15. glycoalkaloids A group of modified alkaloids, including solanine and tomatine, having a range of toxic effects in humans and other species.
  16. glycoform One of several structures possible for a given glycoprotein, determined by the type and position of attachment of the component oligosaccharide (s).
  17. Glycohemoglobin (GHb) A glycosylated hemoglobin test administered by the physician to review average blood glucose control for the past three to four months before the…
  18. glycolic acid (gly-KAH-lik A-sid) A substance found in some fruits, sugar beets, and sugar cane. It is used in skin care products to reduce wrinkles and soften the skin.
  19. glycolysis A process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen.
  20. glycopeptide A short chain of amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) that has sugar molecules attached to it.
  21. glycoprotein A protein that has sugar molecules attached to it.
  22. glycoprotein 100 gp100. A tumor-specific antigen used in the development of cancer vaccines. Also called gp100.
  23. glycoprotein remodelling The use of restriction endoglycosidases to enzymatically remove oligosaccharide branches from glycoprotein molecules.
  24. glycosaminoglycan A type of long, unbranched polysaccharide molecule. Glycosaminoglycans are major structural components of cartilage and are also found in the cornea of…
  25. Glycosuria (Glucosuria) The urinary excretion of glucose usually in enhanced quantities.
  26. glycosylation The covalent addition of sugar or sugar-related molecules to other classes of molecule, including proteins or nucleic acids.
  27. glyph Any graphic symbol not in the ASCII character set. [After IS 14651]
  28. glyphosate An active ingredient in some herbicides, killing plants by inhibiting the activity of plant enolpyruvyl-shikimate 3-phosphate synthase.
  29. glyphosate oxidase An enzyme which catalyses the break-down of glyphosate, discovered in a strain of Pseudomonas bacteria which were found to produce unusually large amounts…
  30. glyphosate oxidoreductase An enzyme from the micro-organism Ochrobactrum anthropi, which catalyses the break-down of glyphosate.
  31. GM Game Master. Someone employed by Blizzard Entertainment to assist and help players.
  32. GM food Abbreviation for genetically modified food. Food that contains above a certain legal minimum content of raw material obtained from genetically modified…
  33. GM-CSF A substance that helps make more white blood cells, especially granulocytes, macrophages, and cells that become platelets.
  34. GM2-KLH vaccine A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies that fight certain cancer cells.
  35. GMACC Ground Mobile Alternate Command Center.
  36. GMAOC Ground Mobile Alternate Operations Center.
  37. GMCC Ground Mobile Command Center.
  38. GMCP Ground Mobile Command Post.
  39. GMD (1) Ground-based Midcourse Defense (formally National Missile Defense) (2) Global Missile Defense (OBSOLETE).
  40. GMDSS (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System)- The Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) is intended to provide more effective and efficient…
  41. GME (Grid Management Entity) The grid management entity (GME) manages all of the grid components within an enterprise grid, including - Their relationships with one another, for…
  42. GME Component A super-class of object that represents the management functionality within the logical GME that is associated with a grid component.
  43. GMN On a buoy report, the minute of the hour that the GSP occurred, reported at the last hourly 10-minute segment.
  44. GMO Genetically modified organism.
  45. GMP Abbreviation for 1. guanosine 5'-monophosphate. Synonym: guanylic acid. 2. good manufacturing practice.
  46. GMR (Giant MagnetoResistive Head) has great sensitivity to magnetic fields from the disk, making it possible to detect smaller recorded bits and to read these bits at higher data rates.
  47. GMT Greenwich Mean Time (now known as Universal Coordinated Time)
  48. GMT Timestamp Identification of a file using Greenwich Mean Time as the central time authentication method.
  49. GMTT&C Ground Mobile Tracking, Telemetry, and Control.
  50. GN&C Guidance, Navigation, and Control.
  51. GNC&P Guidance, Navigation, Control and Propulsion.
  52. GND Ground
  53. Gneiss Metamorphic rock that displays distinct banding of light and dark mineral layers.
  54. GNP See Gross national product (GNP)
  55. GnRH A hormone made by the hypothalamus (part of the brain). GnRH causes the pituitary gland to make luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone…
  56. GNRL General
  57. go list Synonyms bookmark list, history list, hotlist.
  58. Go long When you go long, you buy a security or other financial product that you intend to hold for a period of time or one that you expect to increase in value…
  59. Go public A corporation goes public when it issues shares of its stock in the open market for the first time, in what is known as an initial public offering (IPO).
  60. Go short When you enter a futures contract that commits you to sell or deliver the underlying product, you go short or have a short position.
  61. go-ahead message Synonym go-ahead notice.
  62. go-ahead notice In a tape-relay communications system, a service message, usually sent to a relay station or to a tributary station, that contains a request to the…
  63. go-ahead tone In communications systems, an audible signal transmitted by a system indicating that the system is ready to receive a message or signal. [From Weik '89]
  64. Goal a statement of purpose defining the mission or intended outcome.
  65. gobar See: biogas.
  66. GOCO Government Owned, Contractor Operated.
  67. Godin, Seth Popular blogger, author, viral marketer and business consultant. See also: Seth's blog - Seth talks about marketing Purple Cow - Probably Seth's most…
  68. GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite- Satellites orbiting at 22,370 miles above the Earth's surface with the same rotational velocity as the…
  69. GOES Data Collection System (DCS) A data collection system under NESDIS which is comprised of the DCPs, and the NESDIS Command and Data Acquisition (CDA) System components.
  70. Goggle valve. See ring follower gate.
  71. GOI Government of Israel.
  72. goiter (GOY-ter) An enlarged thyroid. It may be caused by too little iodine in the diet or by other conditions. Most goiters are not cancer.
  73. GOJ Government of Japan.
  74. gold code In spread-spectrum systems, a code that is generated by summing, using modulo-two addition, the outputs of two spread-spectrum code-sequence generators.
  75. Gold Health Plan See Health Plan Categories
  76. Gold standard The gold standard is a monetary system that measures the relative value of a currency against a specific amount of gold.
  77. Golden Numbers Numbers that have hit out of all proportion to their probability. Might be an indication that a wheel is biased.
  78. golden rice A biotechnology-derived rice, which contains large amounts of beta carotene (a precursor of vitamin A) in its seeds.
  79. Golden set The number of documents and queries that are to be used for testing; a minimum of 2,000 documents and at least 50 queries.
  80. Golgi apparatus An assembly of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of plant and animal cells that stores and transports secretory products (such as enzymes…
  81. GoMoos Gulf Of Maine Ocean Observing System
  82. gonad The part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testicle/testis).
  83. gonadal dysgenesis (go-NA-dul dis-JEH-neh-sis) Abnormal development of a gonad (ovary or testicle).
  84. Gonadal ridge Anatomic site in the early fetus where primordial germ cells (PGCs) are formed.
  85. Gonadal ridges Embryonic structures arising in humans at about five weeks, eventually developing into gonads (either testes or ovaries).
  86. gonadotropin-releasing hormone A hormone made by the hypothalamus (part of the brain). GnRH causes the pituitary gland to make luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone…
  87. gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist A hormone made in the laboratory that has the same effect as the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) produced naturally by the body.
  88. Gonads The embryonic sex gland before it becomes a definitive testis or ovary.
  89. gonioscopy (GOH-nee-OS-koh-pee) A procedure in which a gonioscope (special lens) is used to look at the front part of the eye between the cornea (the clear layer)…
  90. Gonzalez regimen An alternative therapy that is being studied as a treatment for pancreatic cancer.
  91. Good 'til canceled (GTC) If you want to buy or sell a security at a specific price, you can ask your broker to issue a good 'til canceled (GTC) order.
  92. Good Analytical Practice approved method to perform a specific analytical technique that influences the quality of the analysis.
  93. Good Driver Plan A rating program offered by some insurance companies that reduces your premium if you have had no accidents or traffic violations within a specified time…
  94. Good faith deposit A good faith deposit is a sum of money provided by a buyer to a seller, which demonstrates the buyer's intention to purchase.
  95. Good faith estimate A good faith estimate is a written summary provided by your mortgage lender. It shows the amount you can expect to pay at your real estate closing to…
  96. Good Faith Estimate (GFE) A document which tells borrowers the approximate costs they will pay at or before settlement, based on common practice in the locality.
  97. Good Laboratory Practice an approved method to perform a basic operation, activity, or service in a laboratory which influences or enhances the quality of its output.
  98. good manufacturing practice (Abbreviation: GMP). Codes of practice designed to reduce to a minimum the chance of procedural or instrument/manufacturing plant problems which could…
  99. Good time A reduction in sentenced time in prison as a reward for good behavior. It usually is one third to one half of the maximum sentence.
  100. Good will When the term good will is used in connection with evaluating a company, it covers the intangible value of its reputation, its satisfied clients, and its…