prophylactic cranial irradiation(proh-fih-LAK-tik KRAY-nee-ul ir-RAY-dee-AY-shun) Radiation therapy to the head to reduce the risk that cancer will spread to the brain.
prophylactic mastectomy(PROH-fih-LAK-tik ma-STEK-toh-mee) Surgery to reduce the risk of developing breast cancer by removing one or both breasts before disease develops.
prophylactic oophorectomy(PROH-fih-LAK-tik oh-oh-foh-REK-toh-mee) Surgery intended to reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by removing the ovaries before disease develops.
prophylactic surgerySurgery to remove an organ or gland that shows no signs of cancer, in an attempt to prevent development of cancer of that organ or gland.
proportional taxA tax that takes the same percentage of income from all income groups.
PropositionThe wording appearing on a ballot to identify a measure.
Proprietary fundProprietary mutual funds are offered for sale by the financial institution - such as a bank, investment company, or brokerage firm - that sponsors the…
proprietary informationInformation that is not generally known and that has competitive value, e.g., trade secrets and business information not generally known.
Proprietary RightA broad contractor term used to describe data belonging to the contractor. This data could be intellectual property, financial data, etc.
proprietary softwaredata processing software that is obtained under a license and that is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.
proprietary standardDocumentation by a commercial entity specifying equipment, practices, or operations unique to that commercial entity.
proprietary systema system that is exclusive to and relies solely upon the support of a single vendor and that may very well not be compatible with any other system or…
ProprietorOwner; person who has legal right or title to anything.
Proprietors' incomeCurrent-production income of sole proprietorships, partnerships, and tax-exempt cooperatives.
Propulsion FuelThe fuel used in the propulsion engines of a vessel.
Proratable waterThat portion of the total water supply available under provisions of sections 18 and 19 of Civil Action No.
prorateTo proportionally divide amounts owed by the buyer and the seller at closing.
prorationThe proportional distribution or allocation of parameters, such as noise power and transmission losses, among a number of tandem-connected items, such as…
prosecuteTo charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
prosecutionThe process of fact finding and negotiation of patent claim language that occurs during the time that a patent application is pending and under…
Prosecution HistoryThe history of the prosecution of a patent application. See Prosecution.
prosecution history estoppelthe other side of the coin from doctrine of equivalence; in patent infringement lawsuits, it tends to favor the accused infringer.
ProsecutorA lawyer representing the government in a criminal case and the interests of the state in civil matters.
prospectiveIn medicine, a study or clinical trial in which participants are identified and then followed forward in time.
prospective cohort studyA research study that follows over time groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic (for example, female…
ProspectusA legal document describing securities being offered for sale to the public. It must be prepared in accordance with provincial securities commissions…
Prost 30A monoclonal antibody that is being studied in the detection and treatment of cancer.
prostaglandin(PROS-tuh-GLAN-din) One of several hormone-like substances made by the body. Different prostaglandins control blood pressure, contraction of smooth…
prostaglandin E1(PROS-tuh-GLAN-din â¦) A drug that is used to treat impotence (inability to have an erection) and is being studied in the treatment of sexual…
prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PROS-tuh-GLAN-din-EN-doh-peh-ROK-side SIN-thayz) An enzyme that speeds up the formation of substances that cause inflammation and pain.
ProstaScint(PROS-tuh-sint) A substance used to detect prostate cancer. It contains a monoclonal antibody that binds to prostate cells, linked to a substance that can…
ProstaScint scan(PROS-tuh-sint SKAN) An imaging test used to detect prostate cancer. The patient receives an injection of an indium 111-labeled form of ProstaScint, which…
prostate(PROS-tayt) A gland in the male reproductive system. The prostate surrounds the part of the urethra (the tube that empties the bladder) just below the…
prostate cancer(PROS-tayt KAN-ser) Cancer that forms in tissues of the prostate (a gland in the male reproductive system found below the bladder and in front of the…
prostate-specific antigen(PROS-tayt-speh-SIH-fik AN-tih-jen) A substance produced by the prostate. It may be found in higher levels in the blood of men who have prostate cancer…
prostate-specific antigen testA blood test that measures the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a substance produced by the prostate and some other tissues in the body.
prostatectomy(PROS-tuh-TEK-toh-mee) An operation to remove part or all of the prostate. Radical (or total) prostatectomy is the removal of the entire prostate and some…
prostatic acid phosphatase(prah-STA-tik A-sid FOS-fuh-tays) An enzyme produced by the prostate. It may be found in increased amounts in men who have prostate cancer.
prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia(prah-STA-tik IN-truh-eh-puh-THEE-lee-ul NEE-oh-PLAY-zhuh) Noncancerous growth of the cells lining the internal and external surfaces of the prostate…
prostatitis(prah-stuh-TY-tis) Inflammation of the prostate gland.
prostatocystectomy(PROS-tuh-toh-sis-TEK-toh-mee) Surgery to remove the bladder (the organ that holds urine) and the prostate.
Prosthesis(pros-THEE-sis) A device, such as an artificial leg, that replaces a part of the body.
prosthodontist(pros-tho-DON-tist) A dentist who specializes in replacing missing teeth or other structures of the mouth to restore an individual's appearance, comfort…
prostration(prah-STRAY-shun) A condition in which a person is so tired or weak that he or she is unable to do anything.
protamineA class of small basic proteins that replace the histones in the chromosomes of some sperm cells.
proteaseAn enzyme that cleaves peptide bonds that link amino acids in protein molecules.
protease inhibitorA compound that interferes with the ability of certain enzymes to break down proteins.
proteasome inhibitorA drug that blocks the action of proteasomes. A proteasome is a large protein complex that helps destroy other cellular proteins when they are no longer…
Protect(1) To keep your hand or a chip on your cards. This prevents them from being fouled by a discarded hand, or accidentally mucked by the dealer.
protectedA Java keyword used in a method or variable declaration. It signifies that the method or variable can only be accessed by elements residing in its class…
protected accessProtected access is available to a class member prefixed with the protected access modifier.
Protected balancesProtected balances are amounts owing on the account that under law are not subject to an increase in interest rates or fees.
protected communicationsTelecommunications delivering their protection through use of type 2 products or data encryption standard equipment. [INFOSEC-99]
protected dataA record that is classified protected as provided by UCA 63G-2-305. Protected records usually contain non-personal data and are only accessible by those…
protected distribution system (PDS)[A] wireline or fiber-optic distribution system used to transmit unencrypted classified national security information through an area of lesser…
ProtectionFor purposes of the National System of MPAs, must have existing laws or regulations that are designed and applied to afford the site with increased…
protection channelThe channel allocated to transport the working traffic during diversity routing.
protection equipmentType 2 product or data encryption standard equipment that the National Security Agency has endorsed to meet applicable standards for the protection of…
protection interval (PI)In high-frequency (HF) radio automatic link establishment, the period between changes in the time-of-day portion of the time-varying randomization data…
protection levelThe Microsoft implementation of an integrity level. In particular, a protection level, refers to an integrity label that contains only level information…
protection mappingInformation that relates a protection requirement to a security transformation that is used to satisfy the specification. [After X9.41]
protection philosophyAn informal description of the overall design of a system that delineates each of the protection mechanisms employed.
Protection PrioritiesThe aggregated value for each impact point prediction specifying the order of protection.
protection profile (PP)An implementation-independent set of security requirements for a family or category of targets of evaluation (TOEs) that meet specified consumer needs.
protection profile familyPrivileges that allow an entity to act on behalf of another entity [ECMA138].
protection ratioThe minimum value of the wanted-to-unwanted signal ratio, usually expressed in decibels, at the receiver input determined under specified conditions such…
protection ringOne of a hierarchy of privileged modes of an information system (IS) that gives certain access rights to user programs and processes that are authorized…
protection switching (PS)A feature of a transmission entity that enables data on a failed facility to be moved to an alternate facility.
protection-critical portion of the TCBThose portions of the TCB whose normal function is to deal with the control of access between subjects and objects [TCSEC].
Protective ActionAn action or measure taken to avoid or reduce exposure to a hazard.
Protective Distribution SystemWire line or fiber optic system that includes adequate safeguards and/or countermeasures (e.g.
protective factor(proh-TEK-tiv FAK-ter) Something that may decrease the chance of getting a certain disease.
protective packaging[In INFOSEC,] packaging techniques for COMSEC material that discourage penetration, reveal a penetration has occurred or was attempted, or inhibit viewing…
protective storageuse of special fire-resistant and environmentally controlled records protection equipment and vaults designed for the protection of the media being stored
protective tariffA tax levied on imported goods with the purpose of reducing domestic consumption of foreign-produced goods.
protective technologiesSpecial tamper-evident features and materials employed for the purpose of detecting tampering and deterring attempts to compromise, modify, penetrate…
protectorIn telecommunications systems, a device used to protect facilities and equipment from abnormally high voltages or currents.
protegrin(proh-TEH-grin) One of a family of small proteins found in white blood cells in pigs.
protein(PRO-teen) A molecule made up of amino acids that are needed for the body to function properly.
protein crystallizationThe production of a pure preparation of a protein. In this form, the three-dimensional structure of the molecule can be determined.
protein engineeringGenerating proteins with modified structures that confer novel properties such as higher catalytic specificity or thermal stability.
protein expression(PROH-teen ek-SPREH-shun) Refers to the amount of a protein made in a cell. The study of protein expression in cancer cells may give information about a…
Protein kinaseAn enzyme that adds phosphate groups to a protein molecule at serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues.
protein kinase C(PROH-teen KY-nayz ...) An enzyme found throughout the body's tissues and organs. Several forms of PKC are involved in many cellular functions.
protein metabolic stepOne step in the chain of reactions that take place in an organism and dictate the composition of that organism.
protein sequencingThe process of determining the amino acid sequence of a protein. Usually achieved following initially partial hydrolysis of the protein into smaller…
protein synthesisThe creation of proteins from their constituent amino acid s, in accordance with the encoding gene DNA sequence.
protein-bound paclitaxel(PROH-teen... PAK-lih-TAK-sil) A drug used to treat breast cancer that has spread or that has come back within 6 months after chemotherapy.
proteinaceous infectious particleBelieved to be the agent responsible for the class of diseases called spongiform encephalopathies, including scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform…
Proteinaceous infectious particle (prion)A proposed pathogen composed only of protein with no detectable nucleic acid and which is responsible for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and kuru in humans and…
proteoglycanA molecule that contains both protein and glycosaminoglycans, which are a type of polysaccharide.