ExpertGlossary terms starting with S

4,972 terms

spatial autocorrelation statistics A set of statistical parameters aimed to depict the spatial (geographical) pattern of genetic diversity in a population.
spatial coherence See coherent.
Spatial concentration The dry weight of sediment per unit volume of water-sediment mixture in place, or the ratio of the dry weight of sediment to the total weight of…
Spatial Correlation A measure of the tendency for places that are near to each other to have more similar (positive correlation) or dissimilar (negative correlation) values…
spatial data Information about the location and shape of, and relationships among, geographic features, usually stored as coordinates and topology.
Spatial Data Transfer Standard/Topological Vector Profile (SDTS/TVP) A United States Federal standard designed to support the transfer of different types of geographic and cartographic spatial data.
spatial edge noise In a video display, that form of edge busyness that is characterized by spatially varying distortion that occurs in close proximity to the edges of…
spatial feature See geographic feature.
spatial indexing A means of accelerating coverage drawing, spatial selection, and feature identification by generating feature-based indexes for one or more feature…
spatial interaction An analytical technique that estimates the number of interactions occurring between an origin and destination locations.
spatial modeling Analytical procedures applied with a GIS. There are three categories of spatial modeling functions that can be applied to geographic features within a…
spatial order An index assigned to features based on their relative closeness in two-dimensional space.
spatial query See map query.
spatially coherent radiation See coherent.
Spatter dispersion of small blood droplets due to the forceful projection of blood.
SPAWAR Naval Space and Warfare Commend.
Spawn The location or process of monsters (or items) appearing when they are created in the world.
Spawning Reproductive activity of fish; the act of releasing eggs into the water by female fish for fertilization by male fish.
Spawning beds Places in which eggs of aquatic animals lodge or are placed during or after fertilization.
Spawning gravel Sorted, clean gravel patches of a size appropriate for the needs of resident or anadromous fish.
Spawns The location or process of monsters appearing when they are created in the world.
SPC Storm Prediction Center
SPCLY Especially
SPD 1) Speed 2) On a buoy report, ten-minute average wind speed values in m/s.
SPE Senior Procurement Executive.
Speaker Recognition A biometric modality that uses an individualÃ¯Â¿Â½s speech, a feature influenced by both the physical structure of an individual's vocal tract and…
Speaker Recognition Evaluations An ongoing series of evaluations of speaker recognition systems. For more information, visit www.nist.gov/speech/tests/spk/index.htm.
SPEAR Space Power Experiments Aboard Rocket.
Spear Phishing Targeting phishing attacks. Perpetrators will only target a specific group of people, or a specific person, in a highly-customized attempt at obtaining…
Spearhead Echo A radar echo associated with a downburst with a pointed appendage extending toward the direction of the echo motion.
SPEC Specification.
Special Agricultural Worker Farm workers in perishable products who worked for a specified period of time and were able to adjust status to lawful permanent resident according to the…
Special areas Areas of high public interest and containing outstanding natural features or values.
Special assessment A lien assessed against real property by a public authority to pay costs of public improvements (for example, sewers, street lights) that directly benefit…
Special Avalanche Warning Issued by the National Weather Service when avalanches are imminent or occurring in the mountains. It is usually issued for a 24 hour period.
Special Data Commands Special, non-routine commands distributed for surveillance battle management, and fire control.
special device file The device file name that the HP-UX operating system gives to a single connection to a node, in the format /dev/devtype/filename.
Special Districts Geographic areas in which fees or taxes are collected to fund investments or services benefiting properties within the district.
Special drawing rights See Special drawing rights (SDR)
Special drawing rights (SDR) Reserve assets created by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and periodically allocated to IMF members in proportion to their respective quotas.
Special Election Any election that is not a general election or a primary election. Examples include a local option liquor election, bond election, bingo election, special…
Special Enrollment Period A time outside of the open enrollment period during which you and your family have a right to sign up for job-based health coverage.
Special event tour A travel package that features major happenings, such as concerts or sporting events, as the reason for the journey.
Special examination A field review performed on a high- or significant-hazard dam to address an identified visible dam safety deficiency or to investigate significant changes…
Special features Area containing ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value.
Special Fire Weather Meteorological services uniquely required by user agencies which cannot be provided at an NWS office during normal working hours.
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) An area defined on a Flood Insurance Rate Map with an associated risk of flooding.
Special Forbearance A loss mitigation option where the lender arranges a revised repayment plan for the borrower that may include a temporary reduction or suspension of…
Special Government Employee (SGE) SGEs are defined at 18 U.S.C. 202(a): Generally, employees performing temporary duty for 130 days or less in any 365 day period, including Reserve and…
special grade access line In the Defense Switched Network, an access line specially conditioned, usually by providing amplitude and delay equalization, to give it characteristics…
special grade of service In the Defense Switched Network, a network-provided service in which specially conditioned interswitch trunks and access lines are used to provide secure…
Special Health Care Need The health care and related needs of children who have chronic physical, developmental, behavioral or emotional conditions.
Special Immigrant A special category of immigrant visas (E-4) for persons who lost their citizenship by marriage; persons who lost citizenship by serving in foreign armed…
special information tone (SIT) A tone that comprises three precise sequential frequencies used to identify recorded announcements. [After T1.207-1998]
special interest group See community of interest, interest group, forum, SIG.
Special Law District A district created and governed by an act of the legislature; see the Special District Local Laws Code online.
Special Marine Warning (SMW) A warning product issued for potentially hazardous weather conditions usually of short duration (up to 2 hours) producing sustained marine…
Special naphtha All finished products within the naphtha boiling range that are used as paint thinners, cleaners, or solvents.
Special Natural Area District A district designated by the New York City Planning Commission pursuant to Article X, Chapter 5 of the New York City Zoning Resolution which is mapped in…
Special Permit A use that would not be appropriate generally, or without restriction through the zoning district but which, if controlled as to number, area, location…
Special populations Those individuals or groups that may be institutionalized and have needs that require special consideration in emergencies.
Special Programs Center National center for threat modeling and production. Located in the National Test Facility at Falcon AFB, CO.
special purpose computer A computer that is designed to operate on a restricted class of problems.
special service A radiocommunication service, not otherwise defined in this Section [of the Radio Regulations], carried on exclusively for specific needs of general…
special services All services other than message telephones, e.g., teletypewriter exchange service (TWX), private line services. [47 CFR Pt.36-A]
Special situation An undervalued stock that one or more analysts expects to increase in price in the very near future because of an anticipated - and welcome - change…
Special Status A status granted U.S. patent applications that have certain characteristics upon successful petition to the USPTO.
Special status species (threatened, endangered, sensitive, rare) Includes both plant and animal species that are proposed for listing, officially listed as threatened or endangered, or are candidates for listing as…
Special Test Equipment (STE) Single or multipurpose integrated test units engineered, designed, fabricated, or modified to accomplish special purpose testing.
special text Text that allows document-placement information from views to be automatically recalculated as a post processing step, After the column formulas in a view…
Special Tropical Disturbance Statement This statement issued by the National Hurricane Center furnishes information on strong and formative non-depression systems.
Special Use Airspace (SUA) Airspace of defined dimensions identified by an area on the surface of the Earth wherein activities must be confined because of their nature and/or…
Special windows (1) those windows in which the complexity of the muntin pattern or the molding profiles is one of the characteristics of the style and age of the…
Specialist A specialist or specialist unit is a member of a securities exchange responsible for maintaining a fair and orderly market in a specific security or…
Specialist's display book A display book was traditionally a written chronological record of all limit, stop, and short sale orders that had been placed with a specialist for an…
specialized common carrier (SCC) A common carrier offering a limited type of service or serving a limited market.
Specially Designated Areas Includes a variety of areas that have received recognition or designation because they possess unique or important resource values.
specialty fund A Specialty Fund is a mutual fund that focuses its holdings in specific types or geographic areas.
Specialty occupation Specialty occupation means an occupation that requires theoretical and practical application of a body of highly specialized knowledge, and attainment of…
speciation The evolutionary differentiation of a pre-existing species into one or more distinct species.
Species Organisms in the same genus that have similar characteristics.
Species of Special Concern A species that may have a declining population, limited occurrence, or low numbers for any of a variety of reasons.
specific combining ability (Abbreviation: SCA). A component of genetic variance calculable where a number of genotypes are intercrossed in all possible combinations.
specific detectivity For a photodetector, a figure of merit used to characterize performance, equal to the reciprocal of noise equivalent power (NEP), normalized to unit area…
Specific employment in question Specific employment in question means the set of duties and responsibilities performed or to be performed by the H-1B nonimmigrant at the place of…
Specific Gravity The ratio of the mass of a body to an equal volume of water.
Specific Heat The amount of heat required to raise a unit mass of a substance through one degree, expressed as a ratio of the amount of heat required to raise an equal…
Specific Heat Capacity The quantity of heat required to change the temperature of one unit weight of a material by one degree.
Specific Humidity The weight of water vapor, per unit weight of dry air.
specific immune cell (speh-SIH-fik ih-MYOON SEL) An immune cell such as a T or B lymphocyte that responds to a single, specific antigen.
Specific performance A remedy requiring a person who has breached a contract to perform specifically what he or she has agreed to do.
Specific Volume The volume of a unit weight of a substance at a specific temperature and pressure.
Specific weight The weight per unit volume.
Specific work work output -------------- mass flow
Specific Yield The ratio of the water which will drain freely from the material to the total volume of the aquifer formation.
specification a written description of the invention and the manner and process of making and using the same -- see MPEP 608.01 for more
Specification Language A language, often a machine- processable combination of natural and formal language, used to specify the requirements, design, behavior, or other…
specification point An industry agreed-upon location where a set of specifications would apply, for example, the node in the originating network where specification occurs.
specifications Documented requirements containing the particulars with which a system or project must conform
specificity When referring to a medical test, specificity refers to the percentage of people who test negative for a specific disease among a group of people who do…