substitutionReplacement of one nucleotide in a DNA sequence by another nucleotide or replacement of one amino acid in a protein by another amino acid.
substitution methodIn optical fiber technology, a method of measuring the transmission loss by (a) using a stable optical source, at the wavelength of interest, to drive a…
Substrate1. A compound that is altered by an enzyme. 2. Food source for growing cells or micro-organisms. 3. Material on which a sedentary organism lives and grows.
substringA portion of a "string", starting at a certain "character" position ("offset") and proceeding for a certain number of characters.
Substring searchSearching for parts of a string as with a wildcard search ("*term*"). A word or token (for Asian language documents) is split up in smaller entities, so…
Subsurface Storm FlowThe lateral motion of water through the upper layers until it enters a stream channel. This usually takes longer to reach stream channels than runoff.
SubsystemA functional grouping of components that combine to perform a major function within an element, such as attitude control and propulsion.
subtenonUsed to describe injections through the membrane covering the muscles and nerves at the back of the eyeball.
SubtidalA marine or estuarine environment that lies below mean low water; always (or almost always) submerged in a tidally-influenced area.
Subtle Heavy Rainfall SignatureThis heavy rain signature is often difficult to detect on satellite. These warm top thunderstorms are often embedded in a synoptic-scale cyclonic…
subtotal hysterectomy(sub-TOH-tul HIS-teh-REK-toh-mee) Surgery to remove the uterus, but not the cervix. Also called partial hysterectomy.
Subtractive ColorsSince the colors of objects are white light minus the color absorbed by the object, they are called subtractive. This is how ink on paper works.
subtributary officeA class of tributary office which does not have direct access to its toll center, but which is connected to its toll center office by means of circuits…
Subtropical CycloneA non-frontal low pressure system that has characteristics of both tropical and extratropical cyclones.
Subtropical DepressionA subtropical cyclone in which the maximum 1-minute sustained surface wind is 33 knots (38 mph) or less.
Subtropical Jet(Abbrev. STJ) - this jet stream is usually found between 20° and 30° latitude at altitudes between 12 and 14 km.
Subtropical StormA subtropical cyclone in which the maximum 1-minute sustained surface wind is 34 knots (39 mph) or more.
subtypeIf type X extends or implements type Y, then X is a subtype of Y. See also supertype.
Subunit vaccineA vaccine composed of a purified antigenic determinant that is separated from the virulent organism. (See Vaccine, Enzyme.)
subvoice-grade channelA channel with a bandwidth narrower than that of a voice-grade channel. Note: A subvoice-grade channel is usually a subchannel of a voice-grade line.
successful block deliveryThe transfer of a nonduplicate user information block between the source user and intended destination user.
successful block transferThe transfer of a correct, nonduplicate, user information block between the source user and intended destination user.
successful disengagementThe termination of user information transfer between a source user and a destination user in response to a disengagement request.
SuccessionA series of dynamic changes by which one group of organisms succeeds another through stages leading to potential natural community or climax.
Succession of CommandThe planned or actual sequence in which subordinate commanders, in turn, become de facto commanders of a senior organization.
successor agencyan agency that is authorized by law to accept and maintain the legal title, custody, and dominion of records that were created by another agency.
suckerA shoot that arises from an underground root or stem. Of particular significance to grafted plants, since the sucker will be genotypically rootstock…
suction aspiration(SUK-shun as-per-AY-shun) A surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated (opened) and vacuum is used to remove tissue from the uterus.
suction evacuation(SUK-shun ee-VA-kyoo-A-shun) A surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated (opened) and vacuum is used to remove tissue from the uterus.
Suction VortexA small but very intense vortex within a tornado circulation. Several suction vortices typically are present in a multiple-vortex tornado.
Sudden Commencement (SC)In solar-terrestrial terms, an abrupt increase or decrease in the northward component of the geomagnetic field, which marks the beginning of a geomagnetic…
Sudden Impulse (SI+ or SI-)In solar-terrestrial terms, a sudden perturbation of several gammas in the northward component of the low-latitude geomagnetic field, not associated with…
sudden infant death syndrome(â¦SIN-drome) The sudden and unexpected death of a healthy child who is younger than one year old, usually during sleep.
Sudden Ionospheric Disturbance (SID)In solar-terrestrial terms, HF propagation anomalies due to ionospheric changes resulting from solar flares, proton events and geomagnetic storms.
SugaringA term describing the deterioration of stone caused by the breaking up or dissolving of the stone surface.
suggestive marka mark that, when applied to the goods or services at issue, requires imagination, thought or perception to reach a conclusion as to the nature of those…
suicide(SOO-ih-SYDE) The act of taking one's own life on purpose.
suicide geneA strategy for making cancer cells more vulnerable to chemotherapy. One approach has been to link parts of genes expressed in cancer cells to other genes…
suitability of functionAn aspect of the assessment of the effectiveness of a Target of Evaluation, namely the suitability of its security enforcing functions and mechanisms to…
Suitability rulesSelf regulatory organizations (SROs), such as NASD, securities exchanges, and individual brokerage firms require that stockbrokers ensure that the…
SuitedA hold'em starting hand in which the two cards are the same suit. Example: "I had to play J-3 - it was suited."
sulfa drugA type of antibiotic used to treat infection. Also called sulfonamide.
Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamineA drug used against malaria. Its value has been compromised by the emergence of drug-resistant malaria parasites
Sulfate AerosolsParticulate matter that consists of compounds of sulfur formed by the interaction of sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide with other compounds in the…
Sulfate attackDamage to concrete caused by the effects of a chemical reaction between sulfates in soils or ground water and hydrated lime and hydrated calcium aluminate…
Sulfated proteoglycanMolecules found primarily in connective tissues and joint fluids and that provide lubrication.
sulfonamideA type of antibiotic used to treat infection. Also called sulfa drug.
Sulfur cycleCyclic movement of sulfur in different chemical forms from the environment, to organisms, and then back to the environment.
Sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>)A compound composed of one sulfur and two oxygen molecules. Sulfur dioxide emitted into the atmosphere through natural and anthropogenic processes is…
Sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>)SO2 is a key pollutant in the formation of acid rain and contributes to the formation of fine particles that are associated with significant negative…
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)A colorless gas soluble in alcohol and ether, slightly soluble in water. A very powerful greenhouse gas used primarily in electrical transmission and…
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF<sub>6</sub>)A colorless gas soluble in alcohol and ether, slightly soluble in water. A very powerful greenhouse gas used primarily in electrical transmission and…
Sulfur oxides (SO<sub>x</sub>)Compounds containing sulfur and oxygen, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and sulfur trioxide (SO3).
sulfuric acid(sul-FYUR-ik A-sid) A strong acid that, when concentrated, is extremely corrosive to the skin and mucous membranes.
sulindacA nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is being studied as a treatment for cancer.
Sullivan, DannyFounder and lead editor of SearchEngineWatch.com, who later started SearchEngineLand.com.
summarizationThe process of including sentences in search results to briefly describe the content of a document.
summary judgmentEither party can make a motion (a request) that the Court decide the case based solely on the pleadings or documents that have been filed.
Summary MetadataThis is a shorter set of metadata to provide the basic information about a dataset.
Summary of Benefits and CoverageYou will receive a Summary of Benefits and Coverage when you enroll in your health plan. It describes the benefits and costs associated with your plan.
Summary of Benefits and Coverage (SBC)An easy-to-read summary that lets you make apples-to-apples comparisons of costs and coverage between health plans.
summation check1. A check based on the formation of the sum of the digits of a numeral. Note: The sum of the individual digits is usually compared with a previously…
Summation iBlazeA LAN-based document management program, available in multiple versions with differing features, including search, transcript management, document…
Summation PrincipleThis principle states that the sky cover at any level is equal to the summation of the sky cover of the lowest layer plus the additional sky cover…
SummerTypically the warmest season of the year during which the sun is most nearly overhead.
Summer SolsticeThe time at which the sun is farthest north in the Northern Hemisphere, on or around June 21.
SummonsThe Order from the Court Administrator to the defendant telling her/him to come to court to respond to the Complaint, which must be attached to the…
SumpA pit or pool for draining, collecting, or storing water. A chamber located at the entrance to the pump which provides water to the pump.
Sump pumpA pump used for removing collected water from a sump.
Sun Path DiagramA circular projection of the sky vault onto a flat diagram used to determine solar positions and shading effects of landscape features on a solar energy…
Sun PillarA bright column above or below the sun produced by the reflection of sunlight from ice crystals.
Sun PointingAlignment of the radar antenna by locating the position of the sun in the sky, which has an exactly known position given the radar's location and the…
sun protection factor(... proh-TEK-shun FAK-ter) A scale for rating the level of sunburn protection in sunscreen products.
Sun Tempered BuildingA building that is elongated in the east-west direction, with the majority of the windows on the south side.
Sun's Soup (sunz soop)A mixture of vegetables and other edible plants that has been studied in the treatment of cancer.
sundogA colored luminous spot produced by refraction of light through ice crystals that appears on either side of the sun. Also called parhelion.
SunfishAny of a dozens of members of the sunfish family, including largemouth bass, bluegill, redear and crappie.
sunitinib(soo-NIH-tih-nib) A drug used to treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) that have not responded to treatment with imatinib mesylate (Gleevec).
sunitinib malate(soo-NIH-tih-nib MA-layt) A drug used to treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) that have not responded to treatment with imatinib mesylate…
Sunk costA cost already incurred and therefore not considered in making a current investment decision.
Sunk CostsThe costs of resources already committed or spent. In comparing two alternatives, such costs are "non-additive," and they are not germane to decisions…
SunnyWhen there are no opaque (not transparent) clouds. Same as Clear.
SunriseThe phenomenon of the sun's daily appearance on the eastern horizon as a result of the earth's rotation.
sunscreenA substance that helps protect the skin from the sun's harmful rays. Sunscreens reflect, absorb, and scatter both ultraviolet A and B radiation to provide…
SunsetThe phenomenon of the sun's daily disappearance below the western horizon as a result of the earth's rotation.