tinidazoleA drug used to treat protozoal infections, such as amebiasis, giardiasis, and trichomoniasis. It belongs to a family of drugs called antiprotozoal agents.
Tinnitus(tih-NY-tus) A disorder in which a person hears noises such as buzzing, ringing, clicking, or the sound of a pulse, when no outside sound is causing them.
tinzaparin(tin-ZA-puh-rin) A drug that is used with another drug, warfarin, to treat blood clots that form deep in the veins and to prevent new blood clots from…
tinzaparin sodium(tin-ZA-puh-rin SOH-dee-um) A drug that is used with another drug, warfarin, to treat blood clots that form deep in the veins and to prevent new blood…
tipifarnib(tip-ee-FAR-nib) A substance that is being studied in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other types of cancer.
tirapazamineA drug that makes tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy.
Tissue(TISH-oo) A group or layer of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
Tissue DamageImpairment of the usefulness of the four basic tissues in the body: (1) membranous tissue, epithelium , (2) the connective tissues; including blood, bone…
tissue flap reconstructionA type of breast reconstruction in which a flap of tissue is surgically moved from another area of the body to the chest, and formed into a new breast…
tissue plasminogen activator(TIH-shoo plaz-MIN-oh-jen AK-tih-vay-tur) An enzyme made in the body that helps dissolve blood clots.
TLK286A substance that is being studied in the treatment of cancer. It belongs to the family of drugs called glutathione analogs. Also called Telcyta.
TMA mental technique used to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and improve quality of life. TM is the registered trademark of the Maharishi Foundation Ltd.
TNFA protein made by white blood cells in response to an antigen (substance that causes the immune system to make a specific immune response) or infection.
TNF-bound colloidal gold(... kuh-LOY-dul ...) A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer.
TNFeradeA gene therapy product that is being studied in combination with radiation therapy in the treatment of cancer.
TNMA system for describing stages of cancer. T describes the size of the tumor and whether it has grown into nearby tissues.
TNM staging system(... STAY-jing SIS-tem) A system for describing the extent of cancer in a patient's body.
TNP-470A substance being studied in the treatment of cancer. It may prevent the growth of new blood vessels needed for tumors to grow.
tobacco(tuh-BA-koh) A plant with leaves that have high levels of the addictive chemical nicotine.
tocladesineA substance that has been studied as an anticancer drug. It is an analog of a substance that occurs naturally in the body (cyclic adenosine monophosphate).
ToleranceA condition in which higher doses of a drug are required to produce the same effect achieved during initial use; often associated with physical dependence.
Tomography(toh-MAH-gruh-fee) A series of detailed pictures of areas inside the body. The pictures are created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine.
tonga(TON-guh) An herb native to islands in the South Pacific. Substances taken from the root have been used in some cultures to relieve stress, anxiety…
tongue cancerCancer that begins in the tongue. When the cancer begins in the front two-thirds of the tongue, it is considered to be a type of oral cavity cancer; when…
tonsilOne of two small masses of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat.
Topical BurningAn indirect reference of intense heat pertaining to a local part on the body.
topical chemotherapy(TAH-pih-kul KEE-moh-THAYR-uh-pee) Treatment with anticancer drugs in a lotion or cream applied to the skin.
topoisomerase II inhibitor RTA 744(TOH-poh-i-SAH-muh-raze...in-HIH-bih-ter...) A substance being studied in the treatment of adult brain tumors.
topoisomerase inhibitor(TOH-poh-i-SAH-meh-rayz in-HIH-bih-ter) A substance that blocks topoisomerases (enzymes that break and rejoin DNA strands and are needed for cells to…
Toposar(TOH-poh-sar) A drug used to treat testicular and small cell lung cancers. It is also being studied in the treatment of several other types of cancer.
topotecan(toh-poh-TEE-kan) A drug used to treat certain types of ovarian cancer, lung cancer, and cervical cancer. Topotecan is a type of topoisomerase inhibitor.
topotecan hydrochloride(toh-poh-TEE-kan HY-droh-KLOR-ide) A drug used to treat certain types of ovarian cancer, lung cancer, and cervical cancer.
toremifeneAn anticancer drug that belongs to the family of drugs called antiestrogens. Toremifene blocks the effect of the hormone estrogen in the body.
Torisel(TOR-ih-sel) A drug used to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma (a type of kidney cancer).
tositumomab(TAH-sih-TOO-moh-mab) A monoclonal antibody that is used in the treatment of certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab(TAH-sih-TOO-moh-mab ... I-oh-dine ... TAH-sih-TOO-moh-mab) A combination of monoclonal antibodies used to treat certain types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
total androgen blockade(...AN-droh-jen...) Therapy used to eliminate male sex hormones (androgens) in the body. This may be done with surgery, hormonal therapy, or a combination.
Total Cost Estimate (for health coverage)The total amount you may have to pay for health plan coverage, which is estimated before you actually have the coverage and have health expenses under the…
total estrogen blockadeTherapy used to eliminate estrogen in the body. This may be done with surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these procedures.
total hysterectomy(TOH-tul HIS-teh-REK-toh-mee) Surgery to remove the entire uterus, including the cervix. Also called complete hysterectomy.
total laryngectomy(...LA-rin-JEK-toh-mee) An operation to remove all of the larynx (voice box).
total mastectomy(...ma-STEK-toh-mee) Removal of the breast. Also called simple mastectomy.
total nodal irradiationRadiation therapy to the mantle field, the spleen, the lymph nodes in the upper abdomen, and the lymph nodes in the pelvic area.
total pancreatectomy(...PAN-kree-uh-TEK-toh-mee) Surgery to remove the entire pancreas. Part of the stomach, part of the small intestine, the common bile duct, gallbladder…
total parenteral nutritionA form of nutrition that is delivered into a vein. Total parenteral nutrition does not use the digestive system.
total skin electron beam radiation therapy(...ee-LEK-tron beem RAY-dee-AY-shun THAYR-uh-pee) A type of radiation therapy using electrons that is directed at the entire surface of the body.
total-body irradiationRadiation therapy to the entire body. It is usually followed by bone marrow or peripheral stem cell transplantation.
Totect(TOH-tekt) A drug used to treat the toxic effects of an anticancer drug that leaks from a vein into surrounding tissue and causes tissue damage.
TotipotentHaving to do with cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body.
tourniquet(TOOR-nih-ket) A device, such as a strip of cloth or a band of rubber, that is wrapped tightly around a leg or an arm to prevent the flow of blood to the…
toxemiaDisease caused by the spread of bacteria and their toxins in the bloodstream. Also called blood poisoning and septicemia.
toxic(TOK-sik) Having to do with poison or something harmful to the body. Toxic substances usually cause unwanted side effects.
toxicity(tok-SIH-sih-tee) The extent to which something is poisonous or harmful.
toxicology(TOK-sih-KAH-loh-jee) The study of poisons, including the source, effect, and treatment of poisoning. It is a branch of pharmacology (the study of drugs).
toxin(TOK-sin) A poison produced by certain animals, plants, or bacteria.
TP-38 immunotoxin(... IH-myoo-noh-TOK-sin) A substance being studied in the treatment of brain tumors.
TPAA substance being studied in the treatment of hematologic cancers. It is a type of phorbol ester. Also called 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.
TPNA form of nutrition that is delivered into a vein. TPN does not use the digestive system.
TPOA substance made by the body that helps make blood cells, especially platelets.
trabectedin(truh-BEK-teh-din) A substance being studied in the treatment of some types of cancer. It may damage the DNA in cancer cells.
trabecular cancer(truh-BEH-kyoo-ler KAN-ser) A rare type of cancer that forms on or just beneath the skin, usually in parts of the body that have been exposed to the sun.
trace element(trays EH-leh-ment) An element found in very small amounts in a given substance. Organisms need certain trace elements to survive.
tracerA substance (such as a radioisotope) used in imaging procedures.
trach tube (trake...)A 2-inch- to 3-inch-long curved metal or plastic tube placed in a surgically created opening (tracheostomy) in the windpipe to keep it open.
trachea(TRAY-kee-uh) The airway that leads from the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi (large airways that lead to the lungs). Also called windpipe.
trachelectomy(TRAY-kee-LEK-toh-mee) Surgery to remove the cervix (the end of the uterus that forms a canal between the uterus and the vagina).
tracheoesophageal puncture(TRAY-kee-oh-ee-SAH-fuh-JEE-ul PUNK-cher) A small opening made by a surgeon between the esophagus and the trachea.
tracheostomy(TRAY-kee-OS-toh-mee) Surgery to create an opening (stoma) into the windpipe. The opening itself may also be called a tracheostomy.
tracheostomy button(TRAY-kee-OS-toh-mee...) A 0.5-inch- to 1.5-inch-long plastic tube placed in a surgically created opening (tracheostomy) in the windpipe to keep it open.
tracheostomy tube(TRAY-kee-OS-toh-mee...) A 2-inch- to 3-inch-long curved metal or plastic tube placed in a surgically created opening (tracheostomy) in the windpipe to…
traditional acupuncture(truh-DIH-shuh-nul AK-yoo-PUNK-cher) An ancient form of acupuncture based on the principle that there are five universal elements (wood, fire, earth…
traditional Chinese medicine(truh-DIH-shuh-nul chy-NEEZ MEH-dih-sin) A medical system that has been used for thousands of years to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease.
TranquilizersDrugs prescribed to promote sleep or reduce anxiety; the NSDUH classification includes benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and other types of CNS depressants.
trans fat (tranz fat)A type of fat that has certain chemical properties and is usually found in processed foods such as baked goods, snack foods, fried foods, shortening…
transabdominal ultrasoundA procedure used to examine the organs in the abdomen. The ultrasound device is pressed firmly against the skin of the abdomen.
Transcendental MeditationA mental technique used to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and improve quality of life.
TranscriptionIn biology, the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a sequence of DNA that is a gene.
transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation(tranz-kyoo-TAY-nee-us ee-LEK-trik NERV STIM-yoo-LAY-shun) A technique in which mild electric currents are applied to some areas of the skin by a small…
transdermal(tranz-DER-mul) Absorbed through the unbroken skin.
transfer factor(TRANS-fer FAK-ter) A substance made by some white blood cells. Transfer factor from one person's white blood cells may be able to cause a specific immune…
transferrin-CRM107(tranz-FAYR-in...) A substance being studied in the treatment of brain tumors. Transferrin-CRM107 is made by linking a diphtheria toxin to transferrin, a…
transformation(TRANZ-for-MAY-shun) In medicine, the change that a normal cell undergoes as it becomes malignant.
transfusion(trans-FYOO-zhun) The infusion of components of blood or whole blood into the bloodstream.
transitional care(tran-ZIH-shuh-nul â¦) Support given to patients when they move from one phase of disease or treatment to another, such as from hospital care to…
transitional cellA cell that varies in shape depending on whether the tissue is being stretched. Transitional cells may be stretched without breaking apart.
transitional cell cancer(tran-ZIH-shuh-nul sel KAN-ser) Cancer that forms in transitional cells in the lining of the bladder, ureter, or renal pelvis (the part of the kidney that…
Transitional Grant Area (TGA)(TGA)Geographic areas highly-impacted by HIV/AIDS that are eligible to receive Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program Part A funds To be an eligible TGA, an area must…
translational research(trans-LAY-shuh-nul reh-SERCH) A term used to describe the process by which the results of research done in the laboratory are used to develop new ways to…
Translocation(TRANZ-loh-KAY-shun) A genetic change in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.
Transmission CategoryA grouping of disease exposure and infection routes; in relation to HIV disease, exposure groupings include, for example, men who have sex with men…
transperineal biopsy(TRANZ-payr-uh-NEE-ul BY-op-see) A procedure in which a sample of tissue is removed from the prostate for examination under a microscope.
transplant surgeon(TRANZ-PLANT SER-jun) A doctor who specializes in transplantation surgery. The surgeon replaces a patient's organ with an organ from another person.
Transplantation(tranz-plan-TAY-shun) The replacement of tissue with tissue from the person's own body or from another person.
transrectal biopsy(TRANZ-REK-tul BY-op-see) A procedure in which a sample of tissue is removed from the prostate using a thin needle that is inserted through the rectum and…
transrectal ultrasound(TRANZ-REK-tul UL-truh-SOWND) A procedure in which a probe that sends out high-energy sound waves is inserted into the rectum.
transsphenoidal surgery(TRANS-sfee-NOY-dul SER-jeh-ree) A type of surgery in which instruments are inserted into part of the brain by going through the nose and the sphenoid…
transurethral biopsy(TRANZ-yoo-REE-thrul BY-op-see) A procedure in which a sample of tissue is removed from the prostate for examination under a microscope.