transformation

In prokaryotes, the natural or induced uptake and expression of a foreign DNA sequence--typically a recombinant plasmid in experimental systems. In higher eukaryotes, the conversion of cultured cells to a malignant phenotype--typically through infection by a tumor virus or transfection with an oncogene. (See Transformant, Transformation efficiency.)

1. The uptake and integration of DNA in a cell, in which the introduced DNA is intended to change the phenotype of the recipient organism in a predictable manner. 2. The conversion, by various means, of cultured animal cells from controlled to uncontrolled cell growth, typically through infection with a tumour virus or transfection with an oncogene.

(TRANZ-for-MAY-shun) In medicine, the change that a normal cell undergoes as it becomes malignant.

A process by which the genetic material carried by an individual cell is altered by incorporation of exogenous DNA into its genome.

Alteration of a chemical substance from one chemical form to another through a chemical or physical reaction. Radioactive decay is a nuclear transformation whereby an atom changes from one nuclide to another.

The process that converts coordinates from one coordinate system to another through translation, rotation, and scaling. ARC/INFO supports these transformations: similarity, affine, piecewise linear, projective, NADCON datum adjustment using minimum-derived curvature transformation, and a polynomial transformation to warp grids and images.

The process that converts coordinates from one coordinate system to another through translation, rotation, and scaling.

The process, or the results of a process, of reformatting or otherwise changing the way electronic documentary material is digitally encoded in order to reduce or eliminate dependencies on specific hardware or software, while preserving authenticity.