Science — page 21 of 132

13,110 terms including subtopics (0 terms filed directly here)

Subtopics

Science terms

  1. Cetane Ignition performance rating of diesel fuel.
  2. Cetane Number A measure of a fuel's (liquid) ease of self-ignition.
  3. CFC See Consumption of fixed capital (CFC)
  4. cfm Cubic feet per minute.
  5. CFP Cold Front Passage
  6. CFS core financial system
  7. Cfs-Day The volume of water discharged in twenty four hours, with a flow of one cubic foot per second is widely used; 1 cfs-day is 24 x 60 x 60 = 86,000 cubic…
  8. CG Cloud-to-Ground Lightning
  9. chain terminator 1. See: stop codon. 2. In the Sanger method of DNA sequencing, refers to the labelled di-deoxynucleotide triphosphates which are added to disrupt DNA…
  10. Chakrabarty decision A landmark legal case in the U.S.A., in which it was held that the inventor of a new micro-organism whose invention otherwise met the legal requirements…
  11. Chamfer To bevel or slope an edge or corner.
  12. Chance A National Weather Service precipitation descriptor for 30, 40, or 50 percent chance of measurable precipitation (0.01 inch).
  13. Change-out The routine replacement of chemicals contained in process equipment, in accordance with schedules established by the manufacturer, or as a result of…
  14. Channel The bed of a stream or river. This can also refer to a submerged stream or river channel in a reservoir.
  15. Channel (watercourse) An open conduit either naturally or artificially created which periodically, or continuously contains moving water, or forms a connecting link between two…
  16. Channel incision The process of downcutting into a stream channel leading to a decrease in the channel bed elevation.
  17. Channel Inflow Water, which at any instant, is flowing into the channel system form surface flow, subsurface flow, base flow, and rainfall that has directly fallen onto…
  18. Channel Lead An elongated opening in the ice cover caused by a water current.
  19. Channel margin deposits Narrow sand deposits which line channel banks.
  20. Channel Routing The process of determining progressively timing and shape of the flood wave at successive points along a river.
  21. Channeled High Winds In mountainous areas or in cities with tall buildings, air may be channeled through constricted passages producing high winds.
  22. Channelization The modification of a natural river channel; may include deepening, widening, or straightening.
  23. chaotic impossible to predict.
  24. Chaparral A plant community of shrubs and low trees adapted to annual drought and often extreme summer heat and also highly adapted to fires recurring every 5 to 20…
  25. chaperone A family of proteins that ensure the correct assembly and conformation of other polypeptides in vivo as they emerge from the ribosome, but are not…
  26. chaperonin See: chaperone.
  27. Char A byproduct of low-temperature carbonization of a solid fuel.
  28. character See: trait.
  29. Characterization Description of the essential properties of an organism or system.
  30. Charcoal The black porous residue of partly burnt wood, bones, etc; a form of carbon. See: activated charcoal
  31. Charge Carrier A free and mobile conduction electron or hole in a semiconductor.
  32. Charge Controller An electronic device that regulates the electrical charge stored in batteries so that unsafe, overcharge conditions for the batteries are avoided.
  33. Charles' law With constant pressure, the temperature of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the density of the gas.
  34. Charrette A Charrette is a planning session in which participants brainstorm and visualize solutions to a design issue.
  35. CHC Chance
  36. Check dam A small dam designed to retard the flow of water and sediment in a channel, used especially to control soil erosion.
  37. Check structure A structure used to regulate the upstream water surface and control the downstream flow in a canal.
  38. Check valve Any device which will allow fluid or air to pass through it in only one direction.
  39. Checked signature Checked signatures verify that all probability estimates, inputs and outputs and their distributions, were entered correctly into event trees, and that…
  40. chelate A cation bound to an organic molecule through electron pair donation from nitrogen and/or oxygen atoms in its structure.
  41. Chemical Energy The energy liberated in a chemical reaction, as in the combustion of fuels.
  42. chemical mutagen A chemical capable of inducing mutations in living organisms.
  43. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) (COD) The amount of dissolved oxygen required to combine with chemicals in wastewater.
  44. Chemical reaction Interaction between chemicals in which there is a change in the chemical composition of the elements or compounds involved.
  45. Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) (CVD) A method of depositing thin semiconductor films used to make certain types of solar photovoltaic devices.
  46. chemically-defined medium When all of the chemical components of a culture medium are fully known and defined.
  47. chemiluminescence The emission of light during the course of a chemical reaction.
  48. Chemistry Model A computer model used in air pollution investigations that simulates chemical and photochemical reactions of the pollutants during their transport and…
  49. chemostat A continuous and open culture in which growth rate and cell density are maintained constant by a fixed rate of input of a growth-limiting nutrient.
  50. chemotaxis The movement of a cell, or the whole or part of an organism, towards or away from an increasing concentration of a particular substance.
  51. Chemotherapy (KEE-moh-THAYR-uh-pee) Treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells.
  52. Chert A hard, dense, fine-grained type of sedimentary rock; a microcrystalline aggregate of silica (quartz).
  53. CHG Change
  54. CHGS changes
  55. chiasma (ki-AZ-ma) An anatomy term for an X-shaped crossing (for example, of nerves or tendons).
  56. Chiller A device for removing heat from a gas or liquid stream for air conditioning/cooling.
  57. Chimera (or chimaera) 1. An organism whose cells are not all genotypically identical. This can occur as a result of: somatic mutation; grafting (see: graft…
  58. Chimera (pl. chimaera) An organism that contains cells or tissues with a different genotype. These can be mutated cells of the host organism or cells from a different organism…
  59. Chimeraplasty A method designed to create defined alterations in DNA sequence at a target locus, with potential both for gene therapy and for investigating gene…
  60. chimeric DNA See: chimera (2).
  61. chimeric gene An engineered gene, where a coding sequence is fused to promoter and/or other sequences derived from a different gene.
  62. chimeric protein See: fusion protein.
  63. chimeric selectable marker gene A gene that is constructed from parts of two or more different genes and allows the host cell to survive under conditions where it would otherwise die.
  64. Chimney A masonry or metal stack that creates a draft to bring air to a fire and to carry the gaseous byproducts of combustion safely away.
  65. Chimney Drain A vertical or inclined layer of pervious material in an embankment to facilitate and control drainage of the embankment fill.
  66. Chimney Effect The tendency of heated air or gas to rise in a duct or other vertical passage, such as in a chimney, small enclosure, or building, due to its lower…
  67. Chinook This is a region-specific term used for Foehn Winds in the lee of the Rocky Mountains in the United States; Foehn Winds are warm, dry winds that occur in…
  68. Chinook Arch A foehn cloud formation appearing as a bank of altostratus clouds east of the Rocky Mountains, heralding the approach of a chinook.
  69. chip See: micro-array.
  70. Chip vans Special construction bottom dump trucks (grain trucks) or conventional tractor- trailer vans used for hauling pulp chips, mill residues, hog fuel, and…
  71. Chipper A machine that produces wood chips by knife action.
  72. Chipping Loosening of shallow rock by light blasting or air hammers.
  73. CHIPS Woody material cut into short, thin wafers. Chips are used as a raw material for pulping and fiberboard or as biomass fuel.
  74. Chironomid Group of two-winged flying insects who live their larval stage underwater and emerge to fly about as adults.
  75. Chisel plowing Cropland preparation by a special implement (chisel) that avoids complete inversion of the soil (as occurs with conventional moldboard plowing).
  76. chitin A type of polysaccharide (sugar molecule) that is made by some plants and animals.
  77. chitinase An enzyme which breaks down chitin.
  78. Chloramphenicol An antibiotic that interferes with protein synthesis.
  79. chlorenchyma Plant tissue (leaf mesophyll and other parenchyma cells) containing chloroplasts.
  80. Chlorination The application of chlorine to water, generally for the purpose of disinfection, but frequently for accomplishing other biological or chemical results…
  81. Chlorofluorocarbon A family of chemicals composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine. Used principally as refrigerants and industrial cleansers.
  82. Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) (CFC) A family of chemicals composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, and fluorine whose principal applications are as refrigerants and industrial…
  83. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - Manufactured substances used as coolants and computer-chip cleaners. When these products break down they destroy stratospheric ozone, creating…
  84. chlorophyll One of the two pigments responsible for the green colour of most plants. It is an essential component of the machinery to absorb light energy for…
  85. chloroplast Specialized plastid that contains chlorophyll. Lens-shaped and bounded by a double membrane, chloroplasts contain membranous structures (thylakoids) piled…
  86. Chloroplast chromosome Circular DNA found in the photosynthesizing organelle (chloroplast) of plants instead of the cell nucleus where most genetic material is located.
  87. chloroplast DNA The DNA present in the chloroplast. Although the chloroplast has a small genome, the large number of chloroplasts per cell ensures that chloroplast DNA is…
  88. chloroplast transit peptide (Abbreviation: CTP). A transit peptide that, when fused to a protein, acts to transport that protein into plant chloroplasts.
  89. chlorosis The appearance of yellow colour in plants, due to the failure of development or the breakdown of chlorophyll.
  90. Choker A cable loop that is attached to a log during the yarding process.
  91. Chondrocytes Cartilage cells.
  92. Chorion The multilayered, outermost fetal membrane. As pregnancy progresses, part of the chorion becomes the placenta.
  93. Chromatid Each of the two daughter strands of a duplicated chromosome joined at the centromere during mitosis and meiosis.
  94. chromatin Substance of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed. It consists of a complex of DNA, histone and non-histone chromosomal proteins (mainly histones)…
  95. chromatin fibre The standard structural conformation of chromatin in strands of 30 nm average diameter.
  96. Chromatography a method for separating mixtures based on differences in the speed at which they migrate over or through a stationary phase.
  97. chromocentre Body produced by fusion of the heterochromatic regions of the chromosomes in the polytene tissues (e.g. the salivary glands) of certain Diptera.
  98. chromogenic substrate A compound or substance that contains a colour-forming group.
  99. Chromomere One of the serially aligned beads or granules of a eukaryotic chromosome, resulting from local coiling of a continuous DNA thread.
  100. chromomeres Small dense bodies identified by their characteristic size and linear arrangement along a chromosome.