Science — page 52 of 132

13,110 terms including subtopics (0 terms filed directly here)

Subtopics

Science terms

  1. genetic information Information contained in a nucleotide base sequence in chromosomal DNA or RNA.
  2. genetic linkage See: linkage.
  3. Genetic linkage map A linear map of the relative positions of genes along a chromosome. Distances are established by linkage analysis, which determines the frequency at which…
  4. genetic map The linear array of genes on a chromosome, based on recombination frequencies (linkage map) or physical location (physical or chromosomal map).
  5. genetic mapping See: mapping.
  6. genetic marker Alteration in DNA that may indicate an increased risk of developing a specific disease or disorder.
  7. Genetic material See: genome
  8. Genetic mosaic An organism in which different cells contain different genetic sequence. This can be the result of a mutation during development or fusion of embryos at…
  9. genetic pollution Uncontrolled spread of genetic information (frequently referring to transgenes ) into the genomes of organisms in which such genes are not present in…
  10. Genetic polymorphism See: polymorphism.
  11. Genetic predisposition An inherited increase in the risk of developing a disease. Also called genetic susceptibility.
  12. genetic relatedness A quantitative estimate of the proportion of genes, ®, shared between the genomes of any two individuals, groups or populations, e.g. r = 0.
  13. genetic resources genetic material of actual or potential value.
  14. Genetic screening Testing a population group to identify a subset of individuals at high risk for having or transmitting a specific genetic disorder. See also
  15. genetic selection The process of selecting genes, cells, clones, etc., within populations or between populations or species.
  16. Genetic testing Analyzing DNA to look for a genetic alteration that may indicate an increased risk for developing a specific disease or disorder.
  17. genetic transformation See: transformation.
  18. genetic use restriction technology (Abbreviation: GURT). A proposed technology applying transgenesis to genetically compromise the fertility or the performance of saved seed of a cultivar…
  19. genetic variation Differences between individuals attributable to differences in genotype.
  20. genetically engineered organism (Abbreviation: GEO). Occasional alteRNA tive term for genetically modified organism.
  21. genetically modified organism (Abbreviation: GMO). An organism that has been transformed by the insertion of one or more transgenes.
  22. Genetically modified organism (GMO ): Often, the label GMO and the term "transgenic" are used to refer to organisms that have acquired novel genes from other organisms by laboratory "gene…
  23. Genetics (jeh-NEH-tix) The study of genes and heredity. Heredity is the passing of genetic information and traits (such as eye color and an increased chance of…
  24. Genital Ridge Formation of a genital ridge requires at least two genes, WT-1, which is also important in early kidney formation, and SF-1, required for the development…
  25. Genome The complete genetic material of an organism.
  26. Genome project Research and technology-development effort aimed at mapping and sequencing the genome of human beings and certain model organisms.
  27. Genomic imprinting A biochemical phenomenon that determines, for certain specific genes, which one of the pair of identical genes, the mother's or the father's, will be…
  28. Genomic library A library composed of fragments of genomic DNA. (See Library.)
  29. Genomic sequence See: DNA
  30. Genomics (jeh-NOH-miks) The study of the complete genetic material, including genes and their functions, of an organism.
  31. Genotype The structure of DNA that determines the expression of a trait. See Phenotype.
  32. Genus A category including closely related species. Interbreeding between organisms within the same category can occur.
  33. GEO Genetically engineered organism.
  34. Geocentric A model of the universe, believed by Aristotle, and Ptolemy which puts the earth at the center.
  35. Geoglyphs Ground markings of a figure or shape produced by the clearing or alignment of stones.
  36. Geographic air basin : A land area with generally similar meteorological and geographic conditions throughout.
  37. Geographic Information System (GIS) (GIS) A set of computer tools and procedures used to collect, manage, analyze and display information associated with a specific location; a computerized…
  38. Geohydrology Geological study of the character, source, and mode of ground water.
  39. Geology The science that deals with the study of the materials, processes, environments, and history of the Earth, including the rocks and their formation and…
  40. Geomagnetic Elements In solar-terrestrial terms, the components of the geomagnetic field at the surface of the earth.
  41. Geomagnetic Field The magnetic field observed in and around the earth. The intensity of the magnetic field at the earth's surface is approximately 0.
  42. Geomagnetic Storm In solar-terrestraial terms, a worldwide disturbance of the earth's magnetic field, distinct from regular diurnal variations.
  43. Geometric spreading As the sound moves away from the source, the area that the sound energy covers becomes larger and thus sound intensity decreases.
  44. Geometries Models of the curvature of the universe in which the laws of geometry are like those that would apply on flat, spherical, or saddle-shaped surfaces.
  45. Geomorphic Pertaining to those processes that affect the form or shape of the surface of the earth.
  46. Geomorphology Geological study of the configuration, characteristics, origin, and evolution of land forms and earth features.
  47. Geophysical Events In solar-terrestrial terms, flares (Importance two or larger) with Centimetric Outbursts (maximum of the flux higher than the Quiet Sun flux, duration…
  48. geophysical focus areas Six identified focus areas for ARM's data collection and research activities. These focus areas are shortwave radiation, longwave radiation, clouds…
  49. Geophysics Refers to the physics of the earth, e.g., seismology, oceanography, volcanology, geomagnetism, etc.
  50. Geopotential Height The height above sea level of a pressure level. For example, if a station reports that the 500 mb height at its location is 5600 m, it means that the…
  51. Geopressurized Brines These brines are hot (300 F to 400 F) (149 C to 204 C) pressurized waters that contain dissolved methane and lie at depths of 10,000 ft (3048 m) to more…
  52. Geosphere The soils, sediments, and rock layers of the Earth's crust, both continental and beneath the ocean floors.
  53. Geostationary Orbiting Environmental Satellite (GOES) (GOES) Satellite orbiting at 22,000 miles above the earth's surface that remains above the same location on the earth.
  54. Geostationary Satellite A satellite that rotates at the same rate as the earth, remaining over the same spot above the equator.
  55. geostraphic wind A theoretical horizontal wind blowing in a straight path, parallel to the isobars or contours, at a constant speed.
  56. Geostrophic Wind A wind that is affected by coriolis force, blows parallel to isobars and whose strength is related to the pressure gradient (i.e., spacing of the isobars).
  57. Geosynchronous Refers to an orbit (about 22,300 miles above Earth’s surface) with a period equal to one day.
  58. Geotechnical Refers to the use of scientific methods and engineering principles to acquire, interpret, and apply knowledge of earth materials for solving engineering…
  59. Geotextile mats Permeable fabrics that interact with soils in manners used to reinforce soil surfaces for erosion, as well as act as filters for water, solutes, and fine…
  60. Geotextiles Any fabric or textile (natural or synthetic) used as an engineering material in conjunction with soil, foundations, or rock.
  61. Geothermal energy Energy produced by the internal heat of the earth; geothermal heat sources include: hydrothermal convective systems; pressurized water reservoirs; hot dry…
  62. Geothermal generating plant A plant in which the prime mover is a steam turbine. The turbine is driven either by steam produced from hot water or by natural steam that derives its…
  63. Geothermal Heat Pump A type of heat pump that uses the ground, ground water, or ponds as a heat source and heat sink, rather than outside air.
  64. Geothermal Power Station An electricity generating facility that uses geothermal energy.
  65. Geothermal resources Typically underground reservoirs of hot water or steam created by heat from the Earth, but also include subsurface areas of dry hot rock.
  66. geotropism A growth curvature induced by gravity. Synonym: gravitropism.
  67. germ 1.The botanical term for a plant embryo. 2. Colloquial: a disease-causing micro-organism.
  68. Germ cell Reproductive cell. See Somatic cell.
  69. Germ cell (germ line) gene therapy The repair or re- placement of a defective gene within the gamete-forming tissues, which produces a heritable change in an organism's genetic constitution.
  70. germ cell gene therapy The repair or replacement of a defective gene within the gamete-forming tissues, resulting in a heritable change in an organism's genetic constitution.
  71. Germ cells (or primordial germ cells) A gamete, that is, a sperm or egg, OR a primordial cell that can mature into a sperm or egg.
  72. germ layer The layers of cells in an animal embryo at the gastrula stage, from which the various organs of the animal's body will be derived.
  73. Germ layers The three germ layers are the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm and are the three precursory tissue layers of the early, primitive embryo (which form at…
  74. germ line A lineage of cells which, during the development of an organism, are set aside as potential gamete-forming tissues.
  75. germ line cell See: germ cell.
  76. Germ line gene therapy The delivery of a gene or genes to a fertilized egg or an early embryonic cell.
  77. Germ line genetic mutation See: mutation
  78. germicide Any chemical agent used to control or kill any pathogenic and non-pathogenic micro-organisms.
  79. germinal epithelium 1. A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the ovary that are continuous with the mesothelium. 2.
  80. germination 1. The initial stages in the growth of a seed to form a seedling. 2. The growth of spores (fungal or algal) and pollen grains.
  81. Germline cells Cells that contain inherited material that comes from the eggs and sperm, and that are passed on to offspring.
  82. germplasm 1. An individual, group of individuals or a clone representing a genotype, variety, species or culture, held in an in situ or ex situ collection. 2.
  83. Gestation The period between conception (fertilization of the egg ) to parturition (birth) spent in utero by the foetus of viviparous animals.
  84. GF Ground Fog- Fog produced over the land by the cooling of the lower atmosphere as it comes in contact with the ground.
  85. GFP Abbreviation for green fluorescent protein.
  86. GFS (Global Forecast System) One of the operational forecast models run at NCEP. The GFS is run four times daily, with forecast output out to 384 hours.
  87. GH Abbreviation for growth hormone.
  88. GHGs See Greenhouse gases
  89. Ghost See Bit Stream Back-up.
  90. Giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta) An aquatic fern prohibited in the United States by Federal law. An invasive, rapidly growing plant that covers the surfaces of lakes and streams forming…
  91. gibberellins A class of plant growth regulators which are active in the elongation, enhancement of flower, fruit and leaf size, germination, vernalization and other…
  92. Gigawatt (GW) (GW) A unit of power equal to 1 billion Watts; 1 million kilowatts, or 1,000 megawatts.
  93. Gigawatt-hour (GWh) One billion watthours of electrical energy.
  94. Gin Pole A pole used to assist in raising a tower.
  95. Girdling Killing a tree by removing a strip of bark from around its trunk.
  96. GIS See Geographic information system
  97. GISP2 Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2, the second phase of an effort by a group of scientists to produce long records of climate by drilling at the summit of the…
  98. glacial a time interval characterized by widespread glacial ice, see also "Ice Age".
  99. Glacial moraine A mass of loose rock, soil, and earth deposited by the edge of a glacier.
  100. Glacial striations Lines carved into rock by overriding ice, showing the direction of glacial movement.