Science — page 76 of 132

13,110 terms including subtopics (0 terms filed directly here)

Subtopics

Science terms

  1. methylation The addition of a methyl group (-CH3) to a molecule, most commonly in the context of DNA where cytosine and, less often, adenine residues can be modified…
  2. Metric Ton (or tonne) 1000 kilograms. 1 metric ton = 2,204.62 lb = 1.023 short tons.
  3. Metric Ton (Tonne) A unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms or 2,204.6 pounds.
  4. METRO Metropolitan
  5. MeV One million electron volts.
  6. MEX 1) GFS Model Guidance 2) Mexico
  7. mg/l Milligrams per liter.
  8. MGD Million gallons per day.
  9. MHC Abbreviation for major histocompatibility complex.
  10. MI 1) Mile 2) Michigan
  11. MIC Meteorologist In Charge
  12. Mica Group of minerals that form thin, platy flakes, typically with shiny surfaces, especially common in metamorphic rocks.
  13. Michaelis constant See: Km.
  14. Micro Small. A prefix meaning "one millionth".
  15. micro-array A large set of cloned DNA molecules immobilized as a compact and orderly pattern of sub-microlitre spots onto a solid matrix (typically a glass slide).
  16. micro-carrier Small particles used as a support material for (particularly mammalian) cells, which are too fragile to be pumped and stirred as bacterial cells are in a…
  17. micro-element A nutritional element required in very small quantities.
  18. micro-encapsulation A process of enclosing a substance in very small sealed capsules from which material is released by heat, solution or other means.
  19. micro-environment A small-scale environment in which the conditions (temperature, humidity, pH etc.
  20. micro-injection The introduction of small amounts of (usually) liquid material (DNA, RNA, enzyme s, cytotoxic agents) into a defined tissue or single cell with a fine…
  21. micro-isolating system Mechanical separation of single cells or protoplasts thus allowing them to proliferate individually.
  22. micro-organism Organism visible only under magnification.
  23. Microalgae Unicellular, photosynthetic aquatic plants.
  24. microalgal culture Culture in bioreactors of microalgae (including seaweeds).
  25. Microarray Sets of miniaturized chemical reaction areas that may also be used to test DNA fragments, antibodies, or proteins.
  26. microarray technology A new way of studying how large numbers of genes interact with each other and how a cell's regulatory networks control vast batteries of genes…
  27. Microbarograph A instrument designed to continuously record a barometer's reading of very small changes in atmospheric pressure.
  28. Microbe A microorganism.
  29. Microbial genetics The study of genes and gene function in bacteria, archaea, and other microorganisms.
  30. microbial mat Layered microbial populations, usually growing on the surface of a solid medium or on a membrane.
  31. Microbial mats (biofilms) Layered groups or communities of microbial populations.
  32. Microbiotic soil crusts See Biological soil crusts
  33. microbody A frequently spherical cellular organelle, bound by a single membrane, 20-60 nm in diameter, and containing a variety of enzymes.
  34. Microburst A convective downdraft with an affected outflow area of less than 2½ miles wide and peak winds lasting less than 5 minutes.
  35. Microclimate The local climate of specific place or habitat, as influenced by landscape features.
  36. Microcurie (µCi) (µCi) One millionth of a curie (3.7 x 104 disintegrations per second).
  37. microdroplet array (Abbreviation: MDA). A technique used to simultaneously evaluate large numbers of media modifications, employing small quantities of medium into which are…
  38. Microenvironment The molecules and compounds such as nutrients and growth factors in the fluid surrounding a cell in an organism or in the laboratory, which play an…
  39. microfibril Microscopic fibres visible only at the high magnification of the electron microscope.
  40. microgametophyte See: pollen.
  41. micrograft See: shoot-tip graft.
  42. Microgram per liter Equivalent to 1 part per billion.
  43. Microgroove A small groove scribed into the surface of a solar photovoltaic cell which is filled with metal for contacts.
  44. Microhabitat A small, specialized, and effectively isolated location. See macrohabitat.
  45. Microinjection A means to introduce a solution of DNA, protein, or other soluble material into a cell using a fine microcapillary pipet.
  46. Micrometer One millionth of a meter (10-6 m).
  47. Micron One thousandth of a millimeter.
  48. Micronuclei Chromosome fragments that are not incorporated into the nucleus at cell division.
  49. micronucleus A nucleus, distinct from and smaller than the main nucleus, but lying within the same cell.
  50. micronutrient (MY-kroh-NOO-tree-ent) A substance the body needs in tiny amounts to grow and stay healthy. Examples are vitamins and minerals.
  51. microorganism An organism that can be seen only through a microscope. Microorganisms include bacteria, protozoa, algae, and fungi.
  52. Microphytic soil crusts See Biological soil crusts
  53. microplast Vesicle produced by subdivision and fragmentation of protoplasts or thin-walled cells.
  54. microprojectile bombardment See: biolistics.
  55. micropropagation Miniaturized in vitro multiplication and/or regeneration of plant material under aseptic and controlled environmental conditions.
  56. micropyle 1. A small opening in the surface of a plant ovule through which the pollen tube passes prior to fertilization. 2.
  57. microsatellite A short sequence of DNA, usually 1 to 4 basepairs (a unit of DNA), that is repeated together in a row along the DNA molecule.
  58. Microscale Pertaining to meteorological phenomena, such as wind circulations or cloud patterns, that are less than 2 km in horizontal extent.
  59. Microsite A small area within an environment with unique features, conditions, or characteristics relative to the surrounding area.
  60. microspore The immature male gametophyte in seed plants; the haploid male cell that ripens into a pollen grain.
  61. Microsystem irrigation Method of precisely applying irrigation water to the immediate root zone of the target plant at very low rates.
  62. microtuber Miniature tuber, produced in tissue culture, which is readily regenerable into a normal tuberous plant.
  63. Microtubule Self-assembling components of the cytoskeleton. Microtubules are cylindrical protein polymers, interconnected by cross-bridging proteins, which…
  64. Microwave A type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between those of infrared radiation and radio waves.
  65. Microwave Burst In solar-terrestrial terms, a radiowave signal associated with optical and/or X-ray flares
  66. microwave radiation Electromagnetic radiation generally in the frequency range between 300 MHz and 300 GHz (wavelengths between 1mm and 1m).
  67. MID Middle
  68. Mid seral species Shade intolerant species, primarily Douglas-fir trees and vine maple shrubs. These species typically follow the early seral species in natural succession.
  69. Mid seral treatment A treatment in which a stand of predominately mid seral species will be established.
  70. Mid-Class Explorer (MIDEX) (MIDEX) NASA's Mid-Class Explorer.
  71. Mid-Flame Wind Wind measured at the midpoint of the flames, considered to be most representative of the speed of the wind that is affecting fire behavior.
  72. Mid-Latitude Areas Areas between 30o and 60o north and south of the Equator.
  73. Mid-level Cooling Local cooling of the air in middle levels of the atmosphere (roughly 8 to 25 thousand feet), which can lead to destabilization of the entire atmosphere if…
  74. mid-parent value The average of the phenotypic measure, with respect to a given trait, of the two parents used to generate the population being analysed.
  75. Middle Clouds (or Mid-Level Clouds) - A term used to signify clouds with bases between 6,500 and 23,000 feet.
  76. middle lamella A thin exclusively plant membrane separating two adjacent protoplasts and remaining as a distinct cementing layer between adjacent cell walls.
  77. Middle Latitudes 1) The latitude belt roughly between 35 and 65 degrees North and South. Also referred to as the temperate region.
  78. Middle-level clouds Middle-level clouds (Ac and As) Altocumulus and Altostratus are the middle-level clouds.
  79. Mie Scattering Any scattering produced by spherical particles whose diameters are greater than 1/10 the wavelength of the scattered radiation.
  80. Migmatite Rock composed of a complex mixture of metamorphic rock and igneous granitic rock.
  81. Migration corridor A route followed by animals such as big game, birds, or fish when traveling between winter and summer habitats.
  82. Migratory Moving from one area to another on a seasonal basis.
  83. Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) (MBTA) The MBTA implements various treaties and conventions between the United States, and Canada, Japan, Mexico, and the former Soviet Union for the protection…
  84. MIL A unit of length equal to 0.001 of an inch. Used in measuring the diameter of wires, and the thickness of fabric and plastic sheeting.
  85. Milestone A measurable action, state, or goal which marks a point of achievement on the way to solving the problem.
  86. Military crest A ridge that interrupts the view between a valley and a hilltop.
  87. Military Training Route (MTR) (MTR) A designated corridor of airspace with defined vertical and lateral dimensions established for conducting military flight training at airspeeds in excess…
  88. Milk To elute a cow.
  89. Milky Way The galaxy in which the Earth is found. When viewed from the Earth and its environs, it appears in the night sky as a hazy band of white light (hence…
  90. Mill A common monetary measure equal to one-thousandth of a dollar or a tenth of a cent.
  91. Mill residue Wood and bark residues produced in processing logs into lumber, plywood, and paper.
  92. Mill/kWh A common method of pricing electricity. Tenths of a cent per kilowatt hour.
  93. Milli A prefix meaning "one thousandth".
  94. Millibar A unit of atmospheric pressure equal to 1/1000 bar, or 1000 dynes per square centimeter.
  95. Milligauss (mG) A unit of measure for magnetic fields.
  96. Milligram per liter (mg/l) Equivalent to 1 part per million.
  97. Million acre-feet (maf) The volume of water that would cover 1 million acres to a depth of 1 foot.
  98. Millisecond delay (short period delay) A type of delay cap with a definite but extremely short interval between initiation, or passing of current, and explosion.
  99. Millsite mining claim Claim on nonmineral land for processing ore from a mining claim.
  100. MIN Minimum (or) Minute