ExpertGlossary terms starting with G

1,349 terms

gene regulation The process of controlling the synthesis or suppression of gene products in specific cells or tissues.
gene replacement The incorporation of a transgene into a chromosome at its normal location by homologous recombination, thus replacing the copy of the gene originally…
gene sequencing See: DNA sequencing.
gene shears See: ribozyme.
gene silencing See: silencing.
Gene splicing Combining genes from different organisms into one organism. See recombinant DNA.
gene stacking See: stacked genes.
Gene testing See: genetic testing, genetic screening
gene therapy (jeen THAYR-uh-pee) Treatment that alters a gene. In studies of gene therapy for cancer, researchers are trying to improve the body's natural ability to…
gene tracking Following the inheritance of a particular gene from generation to generation.
gene transfer The insertion of genetic material into a cell.
Gene translocation The movement of a gene fragment from one chromosomal location to another, which often alters or abolishes expression.
gene-modified Cells that have been altered to contain different genetic material than they originally contained.
genera Plural form of genus.
General account A general account is a deposit account. In the insurance industry, a general account is the account into which all incoming funds, except those designated…
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) A General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was signed in 1947 to provide an international forum to encourage free trade, reduce tariffs, and provide a…
general anesthesia (... A-nes-THEE-zhuh) Drugs that cause loss of feeling or awareness and put the person to sleep.
General Availability An FCS release that has demonstrated high availability and reliability over a sufficient number of customer sites.
General Aviation That portion of civil aviation, which encompasses all facets of aviation except air carriers.
General Circulation The totality of large-scale organized motion for the entire global atmosphere.
General Circulation Model General circulation model (GCM) Numerical representation of the atmosphere and its phenomena over the entire Earth, using the equations of motion and…
General Circulation Model (GCM) A global, three-dimensional computer model of the climate system which can be used to simulate human-induced climate change.
General Circulation Models (GCMs) - These computer simulations reproduce the Earth's weather patterns and can be used to predict change in the weather and climate.
General Contractor A person who oversees a home improvement or construction project and handles various aspects such as scheduling workers and ordering supplies.
General Election As used when applied to political subdivisions other than counties, the regularly-scheduled election to fill the full terms of a political subdivision’s…
General Election for State and County Officers The general election at which officers of the federal, state, and county governments are elected; held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday on…
general entity An entity that is referenced as part of an XML document's content, as distinct from a parameter entity, which is referenced in the DTD.
General government sector Includes production by all Federal, state, and local government agencies except for government enterprises.
General Jurisdiction Refers to courts that have no limit on the types of criminal and civil cases over which they may preside.
General Law City In Texas there are two main types of cities – general law and home rule (charter) cities.
General Manager Program Management Directive (GPMD) OBSOLETE. The primary document used by the GM to direct the Service BMD PEO on the specific actions necessary to fulfill BMD program requirements.
general measurement strategy An approach to collecting useful information to help the Science Team fulfill the project mission.
General obligation (GO) bond State and local governments issue general obligation (GO) municipal bonds and pay the interest and repay the principal from general revenues.
General partnership A partnership made up of general partners, without special (limited) partners; that is, no partner's liability is limited.
general purpose computer A computer designed to perform, or that is capable of performing, in a reasonably efficient manner, the functions required by both scientific and business…
general purpose network See common user network.
general records Records that are common to many agencies within the same organization or type of government.
general records schedule A records schedule governing specified series of records common to several or all agencies or administrative units of a corporate body, which are…
General Relativity See Relativity.
general schedule A records retention schedule covering records common to several or all of the departments of an organization.
General Specifications A general specification covers requirements common to two or more types, classes, grades, or styles of products, services or materials; this avoids the…
General Support System An interconnected set of information resources under the same direct management control that shares common functionality.
General Wind Land management agency term for winds produced by synoptic-scale pressure systems on which smaller-scale or local convective winds are superimposed.
general-purpose system A computer system that is designed to aid in solving a wide variety of problems [TCSEC].
Generalist (species) An organism that can survive under a wide variety of conditions, and does not specialize to live under any particular set of circumstances.
generalization In general, reducing the number of points used to represent a line. In ARC/INFO, the process of removing vertices from arcs according to a specified…
generalized anxiety disorder (JEN-er-uh-lized ang-ZY-eh-tee dis-OR-der) A condition marked by excessive worry and feelings of fear, dread, and uneasiness that last six months or…
generally regarded as safe (Abbreviation: GRAS). Designation given to foods, drugs, and other materials with a long-term history of not causing illness to humans, even though formal…
Generation The electricity generated by a system as recorded by a KWH meter, recorded in KWH or MWH.
Generation dispatch and control Aggregating and dispatching (sending off to some location) generation from various generating facilities, providing backup and reliability services.
generation loss In analog recording, cumulative deterioration of signal quality introduced as a consequence of limitations of the recording electronics and storage…
generation time See: cell generation time.
generative See: germ line.
generative nucleus In many flowering plants, shed pollen is two-celled (in others it is three-celled or has a variable number).
Generator A device for converting mechanical energy to electrical energy.
Generator Fuel Exclusion The number of gallons of fuel that are exempt from tax due to usage in the generators.
Generator Fuel Rate The rate of fuel the generator uses in an hour.
Generator nameplate capacity The full-load continuous rating of a generator, prime mover, or other electric power production equipment under specific conditions as designated by the…
Generator Operating Hours The number of hours the generator is used per month/day/week.
generic Official nonbrand names by which medicines are known. Generic names usually refer to the chemical name of the drug.
Generic Accounts Named according to function rather than individual. Use for 3 activities: Testing, Development, Training.
Generic Application A resource type in a failover cluster or server cluster that supports an application that was not originally designed to run on a cluster.
Generic Drug A drug that is similar to a name-brand drug but not covered by original patents and therefore cheaper.
Generic Drugs Generic drugs are safe, effective, and approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Generic Rest of World Target (GROW) Strategic target being developed for GMD program.
Generic Script A resource type in a failover cluster or server cluster that supports an application controlled by a script that runs in Windows Script Host.
Generic Service A resource type in a failover cluster or server cluster that supports a service that was not originally designed to run on a cluster.
generic term terms that the relevant purchasing public understands primarily as the common or class name for the goods or services.
genet The individual(s) descended vegetatively from a single sexually produced zygote, including all entities derived from it.
Genetic (jeh-NEH-tik) Inherited; having to do with information that is passed from parents to offspring through genes in sperm and egg cells.
genetic analysis The study of a sample of DNA to look for mutations (changes) that may increase risk of disease or affect the way a person responds to treatment.
Genetic assimilation Eventual extinction of a natural species as massive pollen flow occurs from another related species and the older crop becomes more like the new crop.
Genetic code The three-letter code that translates nucleic acid sequence into protein sequence.
genetic code (ATGC) The instructions in a gene that tell the cell how to make a specific protein. A, T, G, and C are the "letters" of the DNA code; they stand for the…
genetic complementation When two DNA molecules that are in the same cell together produce a function that neither DNA molecule can supply on its own.
genetic counseling (jeh-NEH-tik KOWN-suh-ling) A communication process between a specially trained health professional and a person concerned about the genetic risk of…
Genetic discrimination Prejudice against those who have or are likely to develop an inherited disorder.
Genetic disease A disease that has its origin in changes to the genetic material, DNA. Usually refers to diseases that are inherited in a Mendelian fashion, although…
genetic distance A measure of the genetic similarity between any pair of populations. This is measured on the basis of variation in a combination of phenotypic traits…
genetic distancing The collection of the data on phenotypic traits, marker allele frequencies or DNA sequences for two or more populations, and estimation of the genetic…
Genetic diversity The variety of different types of genes in a species or population.
Genetic drift Random variation in gene frequency from one generation to another.
Genetic engineering The manipulation of an organism's genetic endowment by introducing or eliminating specific genes through modern molecular biology techniques.
Genetic engineering technology See: recombinant DNA technology
genetic equilibrium The maintenance of a steady state with respect to allele frequencies in a group of interbreeding organisms.
genetic erosion The loss over time of allelic diversity, particularly in farmed organisms, caused by either natural or man-made processes. See: genetic drift.
genetic fingerprinting See: DNA fingerprinting.
genetic gain The increase in productivity achieved following a change in gene frequency effected by selection.
genetic heterogeneity Occurs where the genetic determination of a given phenotype differs between individuals.
Genetic illness Sickness, physical disability, or other disorder resulting from the inheritance of one or more deleterious alleles.
genetic immunization Delivery to a host organism of a cloned gene that encodes an antigen. After the cloned gene is expressed, it elicits an antibody response that protects…
Genetic informatics See: bioinformatics
genetic information Information contained in a nucleotide base sequence in chromosomal DNA or RNA.
genetic linkage See: linkage.
Genetic linkage map A linear map of the relative positions of genes along a chromosome. Distances are established by linkage analysis, which determines the frequency at which…
genetic map The linear array of genes on a chromosome, based on recombination frequencies (linkage map) or physical location (physical or chromosomal map).
genetic mapping See: mapping.
genetic marker Alteration in DNA that may indicate an increased risk of developing a specific disease or disorder.
genetic marker of susceptibility (jeh-NEH-tikÃ¢ÂÂ¦ suh-SEP-tih-BIH-lih-tee) A specific change in a person's DNA that makes the person more likely to develop certain diseases such…
Genetic material See: genome