Science — page 70 of 132

13,110 terms including subtopics (0 terms filed directly here)

Subtopics

Science terms

  1. Lightning Stroke Any of a series of repeated electrical discharges comprising a single lightning discharge (strike).
  2. lignification The thickening and strengthening of a plant cell wall with lignin.
  3. lignin A group of high-molecular-weight amorphous polymers of phenylpropanoid compounds, giving strength to certain tissues. A major component of wood.
  4. lignin pseudo-molecule for modeling The lignin ratio of methoxy groups to phenylpropanoid groups (MeO:C9) is used to calculate an ultimate analysis for the lignin pseudo-molecule.
  5. lignin ratio of MeO to C9 Lignin empirical formulae are based on ratios of methoxy groups to phenylpropanoid groups (MeO:C9).
  6. Lignite A brownish-black coal of low rank with high inherent moisture and volatile matter content, used almost exclusively for electric power generation.
  7. lignocellulose The combination of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose that forms the structural framework of plant cell walls.
  8. Likely (abbrev. LKLY) In probability of precipitation statements, the equivalent of a 60 or 70 percent chance.
  9. Limb In solar-terrestrial terms, the edge of the solar disk.
  10. Limb Flare In solar-terrestrial terms, a solar flare seen at the edge (Limb) of the sun.
  11. Limestone A sedimentary rock made mostly of the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate). Limestone is usually formed from shells of once-living organisms or other…
  12. Limited Automatic Remote Collector (LARC) (LARC) An electronic device that interfaces a river or precipitation gage with a telephone line making it possible for remote computers to call a gaging site and…
  13. Limnological conditions Conditions on freshwater lakes.
  14. Limnology Scientific study of the physical characteristics and biology of lakes, ponds, and streams.
  15. line See Groove
  16. Line Echo Wave Pattern (abbrev. LEWP) A radar echo pattern formed when a segment of a line of thunderstorms surges forward at an accelerated rate.
  17. Line item A specified amount in a budget to spend on a particular activity.
  18. Line Loss (or Drop) Electrical energy lost due to inherent inefficiencies in an electrical transmission and distribution system under specific conditions.
  19. line of sight Usually refers to contributions of radiation from the atmosphere along the line-of-sight (path) that an instrument receives.
  20. Line Source An array of pollutant sources along a defined path that can be treated in dispersion models as an aggregate uniform release of pollutants along a line.
  21. Lineage A chart that traces the flow of genetic information from generation to generation.
  22. Lineage surface antigen (Lin) A mixture of monoclonal antibodies that are directed against antigens found on mature hematopoietic cells of different lineages.
  23. Lineament A straight topographic feature of regional extent that is thought to represent crustal structure.
  24. linear phase The growth phase during cell culture when cell number increases arithmetically. The linear phase follows a period of exponential growth.
  25. linearized vector A covalently closed circular DNA vector (typically a plasmid ) which has been opened by restriction digestion to convert it to a linear molecule.
  26. Liner A relatively impermeable barrier designed to keep leachate inside a landfill. Liner materials include plastic and dense clay.
  27. Lining Any protective material used to line the interior surface of a conduit, pipe, or tunnel.
  28. linkage The frequency of coinheritance of a pair of genes and/or genetic markers, which provides a measure of their physical proximity to one another on a…
  29. Linkage disequilibrium See: gametic phase disequilibrium.
  30. linkage equilibrium See: gametic phase equilibrium.
  31. Linkage map See Genetic linkage map.
  32. linked gene, linked marker A gene or marker that is linked to another gene or marker.
  33. Linked genes/markers Genes and/or markers that are so closely associated on the chromosome that they are coinherited in 80% or more of cases.
  34. linker A short, double-stranded oligonucleotide containing a restriction endonuclease recognition site, which is ligated to the ends of a DNA fragment.
  35. Lipase A class of enzymes which break down lipids into their component fatty acids and glycerol.
  36. lipid Fat.
  37. lipofection Delivery into eukaryotic cells of DNA, RNA or other compounds that have been encapsulated in liposomes.
  38. lipopolysaccharide (Abbreviation: LPS). A compound containing lipid bound to a polysaccharide; often a component of microbial cells walls.
  39. liposome (LY-puh-some) A very tiny, fat-like particle that is made in the laboratory. In medicine, liposomes containing drugs or other substances are used in the…
  40. Liposomes Membrane-bound vesicles constructed in the laboratory to transport biological molecules.
  41. Liquefaction Enzymatic digestion (often by alpha-amylase) of gelatinized starch to form lower molecular weight polysaccharides.
  42. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) Natural gas that has been condensed to a liquid by cooling the gas.
  43. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) (LNG) Reducing the temperature of natural gas to -259 degrees Fahrenheit at atmospheric pressure will convert the gas into a liquid, with a volume about 1/600…
  44. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) Ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, normal butane, butylene, and isobutane produced at refineries or natural gas processing plants, including plants…
  45. Liquid hydrocarbon One of a very large group of chemical compounds composed only of carbon and hydrogen. The largest source of hydrocarbons is petroleum.
  46. Liquid limit (LL) The moisture content corresponding to the arbitrary limit between the liquid and plastic states of consistency of a soil.
  47. liquid medium Culture solution, without a solidifying agent, for in vitro cell growth.
  48. liquid membrane Thin films made up of liquids (as opposed to solids) which are stable in another liquid (usually water).
  49. liquid nitrogen Nitrogen gas condensed to a liquid with a boiling point of about -196 °C. Commonly used as a medium for long-term storage of biological materials.
  50. Liquid Water Equivalent Same as Water Equivalent; the liquid content of solid precipitation that has accumulated on the ground (snow depth).
  51. liquid water path (gm/m^2) (gm/m^2) A measure of the weight of the liquid water droplets in the atmosphere above a unit surface area on the earth, given in units of kg m-2.
  52. Liquid-Based Solar Heating System A solar heating system that uses a liquid as the heat transfer fluid.
  53. Liquid-To-Air Heat Exchanger A heat exchanger that transfers the heat contained in a liquid heat transfer fluid to air.
  54. Liquid-To-Liquid Heat Exchanger A heat exchanger that transfers heat contained in a liquid heat transfer fluid to another liquid.
  55. List of National System MPAs The List of National System MPAs is the official inventory of all MPAs that have been formally recognized as part of the national system.
  56. Lithic Relating to stone or rock.
  57. Lithic debitage Debris produced during stone (lithic) tool manufacture.
  58. Lithic scatter A distribution of cultural items that consists primarily of lithic (stone) material.
  59. Lithium-Sulfur Battery A battery that uses lithium in the negative electrode and a metal sulfide in the positive electrode, and the electrolyte is molten salt; can store large…
  60. Lithometeor Atmospheric phenomena which affect the state of the atmosphere. They constitute dry particles that hang suspended in the atmosphere, such as dust, smoke…
  61. Lithosphere That part of the earth which is composed predominantly of rocks (either coherent or incoherent, and including the disintegrated rock materials known as…
  62. litmus paper A pH indicator paper. It turns red in acidic and blue in alkaline solutions.
  63. Litter Undecomposed plant residues on the soil surface. See decomposition.
  64. Littoral Pertaining to the shore.
  65. Littoral Zone The zone or strip of land along the shoreline between the high and low water marks.
  66. Live bottom A material storage bin or truck with a floor which incorporates a device for removing or unloading the material contained in the bin.
  67. Live Capacity The total amount of storage capacity available in a reservoir for all purposes, from the dead storage level to the normal water or normal pool level…
  68. Live capacity (live storage) That part of the total reservoir capacity which can be withdrawn by gravity. This capacity is equal to the total capacity less the dead capacity.
  69. live recombinant vaccine A vaccine created by the expression of a pathogen antigen in a non-pathogenic organism.
  70. Live Steam Steam available directly from a boiler under full pressure.
  71. live vaccine A living, non-virulent form of a pathogenic micro-organism or virus used to elicit an antibody response for the protection against infection by a virulent…
  72. Livestock guzzler A watering system for cattle and other livestock that maintains a set water level as water is used.
  73. Livestock watering area Water used for livestock watering, feed lots, dairy operations, fish farming, and other on-farm needs.
  74. living modified organism (Abbreviation: LMO). "Living organism that possess a novel combination of genetic material obtained through the use of modern biotechnology " (Convention…
  75. LIVV Lifted Index Vertical Velocity
  76. LKLY Likely- In probability of precipitation statements, the equivalent of a 60 or 70 percent chance.
  77. LLJ Low Level Jet - A region of relatively strong winds in the lower part of the atmosphere.
  78. LLWS Low Level Wind Shear
  79. LMO Abbreviation for living modified organism
  80. LMTD limited
  81. LN Line
  82. Load Commissions charged on the purchase or sale of mutual fund units.
  83. Load Analysis Assessing and quantifying the discrete components that comprise a load. This analysis often includes time of day or season as a variable.
  84. Load control The process of managing demand requirements in order to achieve a desired load pattern.
  85. Load Duration Curve A curve that displays load values on the horizontal axis in descending order of magnitude against the percent of time (on the vertical axis) that the load…
  86. Load factor The ratio of average energy demand (load) to maximum demand (peak load) during a specific period.
  87. Load following The generating capacity having fast response time to varying loads over a wide range of unit loading by automatic generation control (AGC) from load…
  88. Load Forecast An estimate of power demand at some future period.
  89. Load Leveling The deferment of certain loads to limit electrical power demand, or the production of energy during off-peak periods for storage and use during peak…
  90. Load Management To influence the demand on a power source.
  91. Load pocket An area often dependent on transmission for reliable electric system operation because the area’s load often exceeds the generation in the area.
  92. Load Profile or Shape A curve on a chart showing power (kW) supplied (on the horizontal axis) plotted against time of occurrence (on the vertical axis) to illustrate the…
  93. Load Shedding Turning off or disconnecting loads to limit peak demand.
  94. Load Shifting A load management objective that moves loads from on-peak periods to off-peak periods.
  95. Load-serving entity (LSE) (LSE) Any entity, including a load aggregator or power marketer, that serves end-users within a control area and has been granted the authority or has an…
  96. Loaded Gun (Sounding) [Slang], a sounding characterized by extreme instability but containing a cap, such that explosive thunderstorm development can be expected if the cap can…
  97. Loam A soil consisting of an easily crumbled mixture of clay, silt, and sand.
  98. Local capabilities assessment Evaluation and report performed by members of the Early Warning System design team and/or community planners to assess the warning and evacuation…
  99. Local Convective Wind In fire weather terminology, local thermally driven winds arising over a comparatively small area and influenced by local terrain.
  100. Local distribution company (LDC) (LDC) Any firm, other than a natural gas pipeline, engaged in the transportation or local distribution of natural gas and its sale to customers that will…