Science — page 79 of 132

13,110 terms including subtopics (0 terms filed directly here)

Subtopics

Science terms

  1. MSL (Mean Sea Level) - The arithmetic mean of hourly water elevations observed over a specific 19-year tidal epoch.
  2. MSLP Mean sea level pressure
  3. MST Mountain Standard Time
  4. MSTLY Mostly
  5. MSTR Moisture
  6. MT Main Tank
  7. MTBE Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) is an ether compound used as a gasoline blending component to raise the oxygen content of gasoline.
  8. MTC (Massachusetts Technology Collaborative) MTC is the state's quasi-public development agency for renewable energy and the innovation economy, which is responsible for one-quarter of all jobs in…
  9. mtDNA Abbreviation for mitochondrial DNA.
  10. MTN Mountain
  11. MTNS Mountains
  12. MTS Mountains
  13. Muck Eight card decks used in Baccarat, 416 cards in total.
  14. Mud Generally, any soil containing enough water to make it soft. A mixture of soil and water in a fluid or weakly solid state.
  15. Mud Slide Fast moving soil, rocks and water that flow down mountain slopes and canyons during a heavy downpour of rain.
  16. Mudflat A mud-covered, gently sloping tract of land alternately covered and left bare by water. The muddy, nearly level bed of a dry lake.
  17. Mudstone Fine-grained sedimentary rock formed from hardened clay and silt that lacks the thin layers typical of shale.
  18. Muggy A subjective term for warm and excessively humid conditions.
  19. Mulch Material spread on the ground to reduce soil erosion and evaporation of water. Any substance spread or allowed to remain on the soil surface to conserve…
  20. MULI Most Unstable Lifted Index - Lifted Index (LI) calculated using a parcel from the pressure level that results in the Most Unstable value (lowest value) of…
  21. multi-copy Describing plasmids which replicate to produce many copies per host bacterial cell.
  22. Multi-locus probe A probe that hybridizes to a number of different sites in the genome of an organism. (See Probe.)
  23. Multi-stage pump A pump that has more than one impeller.
  24. Multi-Zone System A building heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning system that distributes conditioned air to individual zones or rooms.
  25. Multicell Thunderstorm These thunderstorms are organized in clusters of at least 2-4 short-lived cells.
  26. Multifactorial or multigenic disorder See: polygenic disorder
  27. multigene family A set of genes (not necessarily mapping to the same genomic location) that are related in nucleotide sequence and/or that produce polypeptides with…
  28. multigenic Trait controlled by several genes, as opposed to monogenic. Synonym: polygenic.
  29. Multijunction Device A high-efficiency photovoltaic device containing two or more cell junctions, each of which is optimized for a particular part of the solar spectrum.
  30. Multijunction solar cell A photovoltaic device comprised of two or more semiconductor materials or cell junctions, each capable of producing electricity with the photovoltaic…
  31. multimer A protein made up of more than one polypeptide chain.
  32. multiple alleles The existence of more than two alleles at a locus in a population.
  33. multiple arbitrary amplicon profiling A collective term for a number of related polymerase chain reaction techniques, all of which use arbitrary primers, and which generate a number of…
  34. Multiple arch dam A buttress dam, the upstream part of which comprises a series of arches.
  35. multiple cloning site (Abbreviation: MCS). See: polylinker.
  36. Multiple Doppler Analysis The use of more than one radar (and hence more than one look angle) to reconstruct spatial distributions of the 2D or 3D wind field, which cannot be…
  37. multiple drop array (Abbreviation: MDA). See: microdroplet array.
  38. multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1 (MEN1) A rare inherited disorder that affects the endocrine glands, which release hormones into the bloodstream.
  39. multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (Abbreviation: MOET). A technology by which a single female that usually produces only one or two offspring can produce a litter of offspring.
  40. Multiple use A combination of balanced and diverse resource uses that takes into account the long-term needs of future generations for renewable and nonrenewable…
  41. Multiple Use Classes Class C is for lands designated either as wilderness or for wilderness study areas. These lands are managed to protect their wilderness values.
  42. Multiple use management Coordinated management of the various surface and subsurface resources, without permanent impairment of the productivity of the land, that will best meet…
  43. Multiple Vortex Tornado A tornado in which two or more condensation funnels or debris clouds are present at the same time, often rotating about a common center or about each…
  44. Multiple-purpose reservoir (multipurpose reservoir) A reservoir planned to operate for more than one purpose.
  45. Multiple-Use MPAs Often employed over larger areas, multiple-use areas allow for integrated management of complete marine ecosystems, usually through a zoning process.
  46. multiplex 1. The simultaneous amplification of a number of amplicons in a single polymerase chain reaction, achieved by including more than one set of primers in…
  47. Multiplexing A laboratory approach that performs multiple sets of reactions in parallel (simultaneously); greatly increasing speed and throughput.
  48. Multipotent As applied to stem cells, the ability to differentiate into at least two, more differentiated descendant cells.
  49. Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells (MAPC) Cells isolated from bone marrow that can be differentiated into cells with characteristics of cartilage, fat, and bone.
  50. Multipotent stem cells Stem cells whose progeny are of multiple differentiated cell types, but all within a particular tissue, organ, or physiological system.
  51. Multipurpose dam A dam constructed for two or more purposes (e.g. storage, flood control, navigation, power generation, recreation, or fish and wildlife enhancement.)
  52. Multipurpose project A project designed for irrigation, power, flood control, municipal and industrial, recreation, and fish and wildlife benefits, in any combinations of two…
  53. Multipurpose Reservoir A reservoir constructed and equipped to provide storage and release of water for two or more purposes such as flood control, power development…
  54. multivalent vaccine A vaccine designed to elicit an immune response either to more than one infectious agent or to several different antigenic determinants of a single agent.
  55. municipal solid waste Any organic matter, including sewage, industrial, and commercial wastes, from municipal waste collection systems.
  56. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) (MSW) Waste material from households and businesses in a community that is not regulated as hazardous.
  57. Municipal Use of Water The various uses of water in developed urban areas, including domestic use, industrial use, street sprinkling, fire protection, etc.
  58. Municipal utility (municipally-owned electric system) A utility that is owned and operated by a city. In most cases, municipal utility rates are set at the city level, either by the municipal administration…
  59. Municipal Waste As defined in the Energy Security Act (P.L. 96-294; 1980) as "any organic matter, including sewage, sewage sludge, and industrial or commercial waste, and…
  60. Municipal Waste to Energy Project (or Plant) A facility that produces fuel or energy from municipal solid waste.
  61. Municipalization The process by which a municipal entity assumes responsibility for supplying utility service to its constituents.
  62. Muon The second heaviest charged lepton (with electron and tau), with electric charge -1.
  63. Murine Organism in the genus Mus. A rat or mouse.
  64. Mushroom Slang for a thunderstorm with a well-defined anvil rollover, and thus having a visual appearance resembling a mushroom.
  65. mutable gene A gene which has an unusually high rate of mutation.
  66. Mutagen (MYOO-tuh-jen) Anything that causes a mutation (a change in the DNA of a cell).
  67. mutagenesis Induction of heritable change(s) in the genetic constitution of a cell through alterations to its DNA.
  68. Mutagenicity The capacity of a chemical or physical agent to cause permanent genetic alterations. See also: somatic cell genetic mutation
  69. mutant An organism or an allele bearing a mutation. Usually applied when a characteristic change in phenotype can be recognized.
  70. Mutation (myoo-TAY-shun) Any change in the DNA of a cell. Mutations may be caused by mistakes during cell division, or they may be caused by exposure to…
  71. Mutation breeding Commonly used practices in plant breeding and other areas in which chemicals or radiation are applied to whole organisms, for example plants, or cells so…
  72. mutation pressure A constant mutation rate that adds mutant genes to a population; repeated occurrences of mutations in a population.
  73. Mutualism See Symbiosis.
  74. MVFR Marginal Visual Flight Rules - in an aviation product, refers to the general weather conditions pilots can expect at the surface.
  75. MVS Moves
  76. MWD On a buoy report, mean wave direction corresponding to energy of the dominant period (DOMPD).
  77. MWS Marine Weather Statement
  78. mycelium (pl.: mycelia) Threadlike filament making up the vegetative portion of thallus fungi.
  79. Mycoplasma A general category of microorganisms that shares some characteristics of bacteria.
  80. mycoprotein Fungal protein.
  81. mycorrhiza Fungi that form an association with, or have a symbiotic relationship with roots of more developed plants.
  82. Mycorrhizae Fungi that form symbiotic relationships with roots of more developed plants.
  83. mycotoxin Toxic substance of fungal origin, e.g. aflatoxin.
  84. Myelin (MY-eh-lin) The fatty substance that covers and protects nerves.
  85. Myelin basic protein (MPB) A structural protein within the myelin sheath surrounding neurons.
  86. Myelin sheath (my' uh lin) the tubular structure that surrounds the nerve fibers.
  87. Myeloid (MY-eh-loyd) Having to do with or resembling the bone marrow. May also refer to certain types of hematopoietic (blood-forming) cells found in the bone…
  88. Myeloid stem cells Precursors to the other lines of blood cells: erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets.
  89. myeloma (MY-eh-LOH-muh) Cancer that arises in plasma cells, a type of white blood cell.
  90. myo inositol See: inositol.
  91. Myocyte A muscular tissue cell.
  92. MyoD1 A group of four basic myogenic regulatory factors (helix-loop-helix transcription) and a newly discovered factor called muscle enhancer factor-2 which…
  93. Myosin A protein in muscle fibers.
  94. Myosin light chain There are four light chain subunits containing complex molecules that form contractile units in skeletal muscle.
  95. N North
  96. N-Type Semiconductor A semiconductor produced by doping an intrinsic semiconductor with an electron-donor impurity (e.g., phosphorous in silicon).
  97. NAAQS See National Ambient Air Quality Standards
  98. Nacelle The cover for the gear box, drive train, generator, and other components of a wind turbine.
  99. Nacreous Clouds Clouds of unknown composition that have a soft, pearly luster and that form at altitudes about 25 to 30 km above the Earth's surface.
  100. NADIR The point on any given observer's celestial sphere diametrically opposite of one's zenith.