Human Genome terms starting with A

29 terms

  1. Acquired genetic mutation See: somatic cell genetic mutation
  2. Additive genetic effects When the combined effects of alleles at different loci are equal to the sum of their individual effects. See also: anticipation, complex trait
  3. adenine (Abbreviation: A). One the base s found in DNA and RNA. See: adenosine.
  4. Adenine (A) A nitrogenous base, one member of the base pair AT (adenine-thymine). See also: base pair, nucleotide
  5. adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADA) A severe immunodeficiency disease that results from a lack of the enzyme adenosine deaminase.
  6. adenovirus (A-den-oh-VY-rus) A group of viruses that cause respiratory tract and eye infections.
  7. Affected relative pair Individuals related by blood, each of whom is affected with the same trait. Examples are affected sibling, cousin, and avuncular pairs.
  8. Aggregation technique A technique used in model organism studies in which embryos at the 8-cell stage of development are pushed together to yield a single embryo (used as an…
  9. Alagille syndrome A rare inherited liver disorder seen in infants and young children. The disease is characterized by a buildup of bile in the liver due to a deficiency or…
  10. allele A variant form of a gene. In a diploid cell there are two alleles of every gene (one inherited from each parent, although they could be identical).
  11. Allogeneic (A-loh-jeh-NAY-ik) Taken from different individuals of the same species. Also called allogenic.
  12. Alternative splicing Different ways of combining a gene's exons to make variants of the complete protein
  13. Amino acid (uh-MEE-noh A-sid) One of several molecules that join together to form proteins. There are 20 common amino acids found in proteins.
  14. amino acids A group of 20 different kinds of small molecules that link together in long chains to form proteins.
  15. Amplification 1. Creation of many copies of a segment of DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. 2. Treatment (e.g.
  16. animal model An animal with a disease either the same as or like a disease in humans. Animal models are used to study the development and progression of diseases and…
  17. annotation Adding pertinent information such as gene coded for, amino acid sequence, or other commentary to the database entry of raw sequence of DNA bases.
  18. Antibody (AN-tee-BAH-dee) A type of protein made by plasma cells (a type of white blood cell) in response to an antigen (foreign substance).
  19. Anticipation A situation that exists when claimed invention is not novel in view of the prior art.
  20. Antisense The non-coding strand in double-stranded DNA. The antisense strand serves as the template for mRNA synthesis. See also cell
  21. apoptosis (A-pop-TOH-sis) A type of cell death in which a series of molecular steps in a cell leads to its death.
  22. Arrayed library Individual primary recombinant clones (hosted in phage, cosmid, YAC, or other vector) that are placed in two-dimensional arrays in microtiter dishes.
  23. Assembly Putting sequenced fragments of DNA into their correct chromosomal positions.
  24. ataxia-telangiectasia A rare, inherited, progressive, degenerative disease of childhood that causes loss of muscle control, a weakened immune system, and an increased risk of…
  25. Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) A human disease caused by failure of lymphocytes to die once they have finished doing their job.
  26. Autoradiography A technique that uses X-ray film to visualize radioactively labeled molecules or fragments of molecules; used in analyzing length and number of DNA…
  27. Autosomal dominant A pattern of Mendelian inheritance whereby an affected individual possesses one copy of a mutant allele and one normal allele.
  28. Autosome A chromosome that is not involved in sex determination.
  29. Avuncular relationship The genetic relationship between nieces and nephews and their aunts and uncles.