Human Genome terms starting with H

30 terms

  1. Haploid A cell or organism containing one of each of the pairs of homologous chromosomes found in the normal diploid cell.
  2. haploinsufficiency A situation in which the protein produced by a single copy of an otherwise normal gene is not sufficient to assure normal function. See also gene, protein
  3. Haplotype A specific allelic constitution at a number of loci within a defined linkage block.
  4. Hematopoietic stem cell An unspecialized precursor cell that will develop into a mature blood cell. See also cell
  5. Hemizygous The condition in which genes are present only once in the genotype and not in pairs.
  6. hemophilia Group of hereditary disorders in which affected individuals fail to make enough of certain proteins needed to form blood clots.
  7. Hereditary cancer Cancer that occurs due to the inheritance of an altered gene within a family. See also: sporadic cancer
  8. Heterozygosity The presence of different alleles at one or more loci on homologous chromosomes.
  9. Heterozygote An individual with non-identical alleles for a particular gene or genes. The condition is termed "heterozygous". Opposite: homozygote.
  10. heterozygous (adj.) See: heterozygote.
  11. High-throughput sequencing A fast method of determining the order of bases in DNA. See also: sequencing
  12. Highly conserved sequence A DNA sequence that is very similar in several different kinds of organisms. Scientists regard these cross species similarities as evidence that a…
  13. Hirschsprung's disease A congenital disorder in which part of the colon lacks nerve cells and therefore is unable to relax.
  14. holoprosencephaly A birth defect where the forebrain does not separate properly into two halves during early fetal life.
  15. Homeobox A highly conserved 180 bp DNA sequence that controls body part-, organ- or tissue-specific gene expression, most particularly involved in segmentation in…
  16. Homolog In diploid organisms, one member of a pair of matching chromosomes.
  17. Homologous chromosome Chromosome containing the same linear gene sequences as another, each derived from one parent.
  18. Homologous recombination The exchange of DNA fragments between two DNA molecules or chromatids of paired chromosomes (during crossing over) at the site of identical nucleotide…
  19. Homology 1. The degree of identity between individuals, or characters. 2. The degree of identity of sequence (nucleotide or amino acid) between a number of DNA or…
  20. Homozygote An organism whose genotype is characterized by two identical alleles of a gene. See Allele, Genotype.
  21. homozygous (adj.) See: homozygote.
  22. Human artificial chromosome (HAC) A vector used to transfer or express large fragments of human DNA. HACs behave and are constructed like human chromosomes. See also chromosome, vector
  23. Human gene therapy See: gene therapy
  24. Human Genome Initiative Collective name for several projects begun in 1986 by DOE to create an ordered set of DNA segments from known chromosomal locations, develop new…
  25. Human Genome Project An international research project to map each human gene and to completely sequence human DNA. See also gene, mapping
  26. Human Genome Project (HGP) Formerly titled Human Genome Initiative. See also: Human Genome Initiative
  27. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) AIDS was first reported in 1981 in the United States and has since become a major epidemic, killing nearly 12 million people and infecting more than 30…
  28. Huntington's disease A degenerative brain disorder that usually appears in mid-life. Its symptoms, which include involuntary movement of the face and limbs, mood swings, and…
  29. Hybrid A class that is a mixture or combination of 2 or more classes. For example, a Druid can be viewed as a Warrior/Rogue/Priest hybrid.
  30. Hybridization The hydrogen bonding of complementary DNA and/or RNA sequences to form a duplex molecule. (See Northern hybridization, Southern hybridization.)