Human Genome terms starting with T

21 terms

  1. Tandem repeat sequences Multiple copies of the same base sequence on a chromosome; used as markers in physical mapping. See also: physical map
  2. Targeted mutagenesis Deliberate change in the genetic structure directed at a specific site on the chromosome. Used in research to determine the targeted region's function.
  3. Technology transfer The process of providing the private sector access to technological advances developed by scientists in the Federal government. See also
  4. Telomerase An enzyme that maintains the structure of the telomere by adding the required repetitive sequences to the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.
  5. Telomere The end of a chromosome.
  6. Teratogenic Substances such as chemicals or radiation that cause abnormal development of a embryo. See also: mutagen
  7. thymine (Abbreviation: T). One the bases found in DNA. See: thymidine.
  8. Thymine (T) A nitrogenous base, one member of the base pair AT (adenine-thymine). See also: base pair, nucleotide
  9. Toxicogenomics The study of how genomes respond to environmental stressors or toxicants. Combines genome-wide mRNA expression profiling with protein expression patterns…
  10. Transcription In biology, the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a sequence of DNA that is a gene.
  11. Transcription factor A protein that regulates the transcription of genes.
  12. Transcriptome The full complement of activated genes, mRNAs, or transcripts in a particular tissue at a particular time
  13. Transfection The uptake and expression of a foreign DNA sequence by cultured eukaryotic cells.
  14. Transfer RNA (tRNA) See tRNA.
  15. transformation (TRANZ-for-MAY-shun) In medicine, the change that a normal cell undergoes as it becomes malignant.
  16. Transgenic An organism in which a foreign DNA gene (a transgene) is incorporated into its genome early in de- velopment.
  17. Translation The process of converting the genetic infor- mation of an mRNA on ribosomes into a polypeptide.
  18. Translocation (TRANZ-loh-KAY-shun) A genetic change in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.
  19. Transposable element A class of DNA sequences that can move from one chromosomal site to another.
  20. trisomy The presence in a diploid cell or organism of an extra chromosome of one homologue (chromosome formula: 2n + 1). See: disomy; monosomic.
  21. tumor suppressor gene (TOO-mer suh-PREH-ser jeen) A type of gene that makes a protein called a tumor suppressor protein that helps control cell growth.