Human Genome terms starting with R

30 terms

Radiation hybrid A hybrid cell containing small fragments of irradiated human chromosomes. Maps of irradiation sites on chromosomes for the human, rat, mouse, and other…
Rare-cutter enzyme See: restriction-enzyme cutting site
recessive Describing an allele whose effect with respect to a particular trait is not evident in heterozygotes. Opposite: dominant.
Recessive gene Characterized as having a phenotype expressed only when both copies of the gene are mutated or missing.
Reciprocal translocation When a pair of chromosomes exchange exactly the same length and area of DNA. Results in a shuffling of genes.
Recombinant clone Clone containing recombinant DNA molecules. See also: recombinant DNA technology
recombinant DNA The process of cutting and recombining DNA fragments from different sources as a means to isolate genes or to alter their structure and function.
Recombinant DNA molecules A combination of DNA molecules of different origin that are joined using recombinant DNA technologies.
Recombinant DNA technology A set of techniques for manipulating DNA, including: the identification and cloning of genes; the study of the expression of cloned genes; and the…
Recombination The production of a DNA molecule with segments derived from more than one parent DNA molecule.
Regulatory region or sequence A DNA base sequence that controls gene expression.
Repetitive DNA DNA sequences that are present in a genome in many copies, some of it originating from retrotransposon activity.
Reporter gene A gene that encodes a product that can be readily assayed. Used as to confirm the incorporation of a transgene into, organ or tissue, and as a means of…
repressor A DNA-binding protein in prokaryotes that blocks gene transcription by binding to the operator.
Resolution See DPI.
Restriction enzyme, endonuclease A protein that recognizes specific, short nucleotide sequences and cuts DNA at those sites.
restriction enzymes Enzymes that recognize a specific sequence of double-stranded DNA and cut the DNA at that site.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) Differences in nucleotide sequence between alleles at a chromosomal locus result in restriction fragments of varying lengths detected by Southern analysis.
Restriction-enzyme cutting site A specific nucleotide sequence of DNA at which a particular restriction enzyme cuts the DNA. Some sites occur frequently in DNA (e.g.
Retroviral infection The presence of retroviral vectors, such as some viruses, which use their recombinant DNA to insert their genetic material into the chromosomes of the…
retrovirus (REH-troh-VY-rus) A type of virus that has RNA instead of DNA as its genetic material.
Reverse transcriptase An enzyme that uses an RNA molecule as a template for the synthesis of a complementary DNA strand. Synonym: RNA -dependent DNA polymerase.
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) A chemical similar to a single strand of DNA. In RNA, the letter U, which stands for uracil, is substituted for T in the genetic code.
Ribonucleotide See: nucleotide.
Ribose A monosaccharide found in all ribonucleosides, ribonucleotides and RNA. Its close analogue, 2-deoxyribose, is similarly found in all deoxyribonucleosides…
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) The RNA component of the ribosome. (See RNA.)
Ribosome Cellular organelle that is the site of protein synthesis during translation. See Organelle, Translation.
Ribosomes Small cellular components composed of specialized ribosomal RNA and protein; site of protein synthesis. See also: RNA
risk communication The interactive exchange of information and opinions throughout the risk analysis process concerning hazards and risks, risk-related factors and risk…
RNA (Ribonucleic acid) An organic acid composed of re- peating nucleotide units of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil, whose ribose components are linked by phosphodiester…