Human Genome terms starting with B

17 terms

  1. Backcross Crossing an organism with one of its parent organisms.
  2. Bacteria (bak-TEER-ee-uh) A large group of single-cell microorganisms. Some cause infections and disease in animals and humans.
  3. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) Large segments of DNA, 100,000 to 200,000 bases, from another species cloned into bacteria.
  4. Bacteriophage (Abbreviation: phage). A virus that infects bacteria. Altered forms are used as cloning vectors. See: lambda phage, M13.
  5. base One of the components of nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids . Four different bases are found in naturally occurring DNA - the purines A (adenine )…
  6. base pair combination of 2 nucleotides (A and T or G and C) held together by weak hydrogen bonds; the DNA double helix is formed when a base pair of nucleotides in…
  7. Base pair (bp) A pair of complementary nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule--adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine. Also, the unit of measurement for DNA sequences.
  8. Base sequence The order of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule; determines structure of proteins encoded by that DNA.
  9. Base sequence analysis A method, sometimes automated, for determining the base sequence.
  10. Behavioral genetics The study of genes that may influence behavior.
  11. Bioinformatics (BY-oh-in-for-MA-tix) The science of using computers, databases, and math to organize and analyze large amounts of biological, medical, and health…
  12. Bioremediation The use of microorganisms to remedy environmental problems. See Bioaugmentation, Bioenrichment.
  13. Biotechnology The scientific manipulation of living organ- isms, especially at the molecular genetic level, to produce useful products.
  14. Birth defect A structural, functional, or metabolic abnormality present at birth that results in physical or mental disability or is fatal.
  15. BLAST An immature blood cell.
  16. bone marrow transplantation (bone MAYR-oh tranz-plan-TAY-shun) A procedure to replace bone marrow that has been destroyed by treatment with high doses of anticancer drugs or…
  17. BRCA1/BRCA2 The first breast cancer genes to be identified. Mutated forms of these genes are believed to be responsible for about half the cases of inherited breast…