Stem Cell terms starting with C

34 terms

  1. Cardiomyoctes Heart muscle cells.
  2. Cartilage (KAR-tih-lij) A tough, flexible tissue that lines joints and gives structure to the nose, ears, larynx, and other parts of the body.
  3. Cavitation A process that occurs during the formation of the blastocyst and establishes the polarity of embryonic cells.
  4. Cell culture (SEL KUL-chur) The growth of microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast, or human, plant, or animal cells in the laboratory.
  5. cell cycle (SEL SY-kul) The process a cell goes through each time it divides. The cell cycle consists of a series of steps during which the chromosomes and other…
  6. Cell division Formation of two or more daughter cells from a single parent cell. The nucleus divides first, followed by the formation of a cell membrane between the…
  7. Cell line 1. A cell lineage that can be maintained in vitro. Significant genetic changes can occur during lengthy periods in culture, so that the genotype of…
  8. Cell type A specific subset of cells within the body, defined by their appearance, location and function.
  9. Cell-based therapies Treatment in which stem cells are induced to differentiate into the specific cell type required to repair damaged or destroyed cells or tissues.
  10. Cellular therapy A field of medicine that uses cells to repair tissues that have been damaged by human disease or to generate new tissues with desired functional…
  11. Central Line A central line is a flexible tube that is inserted near a patient's heart or into one of the large blood vessels near the heart.
  12. Cerebrospinal fluid (seh-REE-broh-SPY-nul...) The fluid that flows in and around the hollow spaces of the brain and spinal cord, and between two of the meninges (the thin…
  13. Chemotherapy (KEE-moh-THAYR-uh-pee) Treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells.
  14. Chimera (or chimaera) 1. An organism whose cells are not all genotypically identical. This can occur as a result of: somatic mutation; grafting (see: graft…
  15. Chondrocytes Cartilage cells.
  16. Chorion The multilayered, outermost fetal membrane. As pregnancy progresses, part of the chorion becomes the placenta.
  17. Chromosomes The self-replicating genetic structure of cells containing the cellular DNA. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
  18. Cleavage The process of cell division in the very early embryo before it becomes a blastocyst.
  19. Clonality A line of cells that is genetically identical to the originating cell; in this case, a stem cell.
  20. Clone An exact genetic replica of a specific gene or an entire organism. See Cloning.
  21. Cloning The mitotic division of a progenitor cell to give rise to a population of identical daughter cells or clones.
  22. Cluster differentiation (CD) Cell membrane molecules used to classify leukocytes into subsets.
  23. Colony-forming cells Groups of cells growing on a solid nutrient surface with each group being created from the multiplication of an individual cell.
  24. Colony-stimulating factors Diffusible proteins that stimulate the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells.
  25. Cord blood Blood remaining in the umbilical cord immediately following the birth of the baby. It contains a rich concentration of stem cells.
  26. Cord blood stem cells See Umbilical cord blood stem cells.
  27. Cornea The transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and the pupil and allows light to enter the inside.
  28. Cripto Transcription factor expressed by pluripotent stem cells and early embryos.
  29. cryopreservation The process of cooling and storing cells, tissues, or organs at very low or freezing temperatures to save them for future use.
  30. Cryopreserved embryos Embryos, generally those produced by in vitro fertilization exceeding the number that can be transferred for uterine implantation, that have been frozen.
  31. Culture medium Any nutrient system for the cultivation of cells, bacteria or other organisms; usually a complex mixture of organic and inorganic nutrients.
  32. Cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk protein) Protein kinase that has to be complexed with a cyclin protein in order to act; different Cdk-cyclin complexes are thought to trigger different steps in…
  33. Cytokines A generic term for a large variety of regulatory proteins produced and secreted by cells and used to communicate with other cells.
  34. Cytoplasm (SY-toh-PLA-zum) The fluid inside a cell but outside the cell's nucleus. Most chemical reactions in a cell take place in the cytoplasm.