Stem Cell terms starting with G

29 terms

  1. Gamete A haploid sex cell, egg or sperm, that contains a single copy of each chromosome.
  2. Gamma-interferon A type of small protein with antiviral activity, made by T lymphocytes.
  3. Gap junctions Communicating cell-cell junctions that allow ions and small molecules to pass from the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of another cell.
  4. Gastrula An early animal embryo consisting of two layers of cells; an embryological stage following the blastula.
  5. Gastrulation The process whereby the cells of the blastocyst are translocated to establish three germ layers.
  6. Gene The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a…
  7. Genital Ridge Formation of a genital ridge requires at least two genes, WT-1, which is also important in early kidney formation, and SF-1, required for the development…
  8. Genome The complete genetic material of an organism.
  9. Genomic imprinting A biochemical phenomenon that determines, for certain specific genes, which one of the pair of identical genes, the mother's or the father's, will be…
  10. Germ cell Reproductive cell. See Somatic cell.
  11. Germ cells (or primordial germ cells) A gamete, that is, a sperm or egg, OR a primordial cell that can mature into a sperm or egg.
  12. Germ layers The three germ layers are the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm and are the three precursory tissue layers of the early, primitive embryo (which form at…
  13. Gestation The period between conception (fertilization of the egg ) to parturition (birth) spent in utero by the foetus of viviparous animals.
  14. Glia The nonneuronal or supporting tissue (neuroglia) of the brain and spinal cord.
  15. Glial cells (glee'-ul sells) branched cells that make up the supporting structure of the nervous (brain & spinal cord) tissue.
  16. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) A structural protein specifically produced by astrocytes. GFAP is often used as a marker of astrocytes.
  17. Glucagon A hormone produced by the pancreas that increases the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
  18. glycoprotein A protein that has sugar molecules attached to it.
  19. gonad The part of the reproductive system that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testicle/testis).
  20. Gonadal ridge Anatomic site in the early fetus where primordial germ cells (PGCs) are formed.
  21. Gonadal ridges Embryonic structures arising in humans at about five weeks, eventually developing into gonads (either testes or ovaries).
  22. Gonads The embryonic sex gland before it becomes a definitive testis or ovary.
  23. Goosecoid Gene that encodes a transcription factor that is important for determining craniofacial orientation and features in the vertebrate embryo.
  24. Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) A side effect of a bone marrow or stem cell transplant that occurs when new bone marrow or stem cells (the graft) reject or attack the patient's body (the…
  25. Granulocyte (GRAN-yoo-loh-SITE) A type of white blood cell that fights bacterial infection. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are granulocytes.
  26. Granulose cells Cells surrounding and maintaining the ovarian follicle.
  27. Green Fluorescent Protein (Abbreviation: GFP). A protein derived from a species of jelly fish, that fluoresces when exposed to ultra violet light.
  28. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) Fluorescent-protein dye used to tag and trace particular genes and cells of interest.
  29. Growth Factors Substances sometimes given to transplant patients to stimulate the production of blood cells, or to stem cell donors to mobilize stem cells into the…