Stem Cell terms starting with T

34 terms

T cell One type of white blood cell that attacks virus-infected cells, foreign cells, and cancer cells.
T cells A type of white blood cell that is of crucial importance to the immune system. Immature T cells migrate to the thymus gland in the upper chest cavity…
T lymphocyte One type of white blood cell that attacks virus-infected cells, foreign cells, and cancer cells.
Telomerase An enzyme that maintains the structure of the telomere by adding the required repetitive sequences to the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.
Telomere The end of a chromosome.
Tenocyte Tendon-producing cell.
Teratocarcinoma (TAYR-uh-toh-KAR-sih-NOH-muh) A type of germ cell cancer that usually forms in the testes (testicles).
Teratogen A drug or other agent that raises the incidence of congenital malformations.
Teratoma (tayr-uh-TOH-muh) A type of germ cell tumor that may contain several different types of tissue, such as hair, muscle, and bone.
Therapeutic cloning The potential use of stem cells to grow, in vitro, tissue or organs for use in transplantation.
Thiazolidinediones A class of antidiabetes drugs that enhances the activity of insulin.
Thrombocyte (Platelet) A tiny, disc-shaped blood cell responsible for controlling abnormal or excessive bleeding.
Thrombopoietin (THROM-boh-POY-eh-tin) A substance made by the body that helps make blood cells, especially platelets.
Thymus An organ that is part of the lymphatic system, in which T lymphocytes grow and multiply. The thymus is in the chest behind the breastbone.
Tissue culture The in vitro culture of cell s, tissue s or organ s in a nutrient medium under sterile conditions.
Tolerance A condition in which higher doses of a drug are required to produce the same effect achieved during initial use; often associated with physical dependence.
Tolerance induction The "education" process that T cells undergo to discriminate between self and foreign proteins. This process takes place primarily in the thymus.
Total Body Irradiation (TBI) Radiation given to the entire body.
Totipotent Having to do with cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body.
Totipotent stem cells Stem cells that can give rise to all cell types that are found in an embryo, fetus, or developed organism, including the embryonic components of the…
Transaminase An enzyme that catalyzes chemical reactions in the body in which an amino group is transferred from a donor molecule to a recipient molecule.
Transcription In biology, the process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a sequence of DNA that is a gene.
Transcription factor A protein that regulates the transcription of genes.
Transcription factors Specialized proteins that bind to specific sites on DNA and turn on or turn off the expression of different sets of genes.
Transdifferentiation The ability of a particular cell of one tissue, organ or system, including stem or progenitor cells, to differentiate into a cell type characteristic of…
Transgene See Transgenic.
Translation The process of converting the genetic infor- mation of an mRNA on ribosomes into a polypeptide.
Transplantation (tranz-plan-TAY-shun) The replacement of tissue with tissue from the person's own body or from another person.
Transplantation biology The science that studies the transplantation of organs and cells. Transplantation biologists investigate scientific questions to understand why foreign…
Trophectoderm a term used to refer to trophoblast cells in mice.
Trophoblast (TROH-foh-BLAST) A thin layer of cells that helps a developing embryo attach to the wall of the uterus, protects the embryo, and forms a part of the…
Trypsin A proteolytic enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds on the carboxyl side of the amino acids arginine and lysine.
Twinning Development of monozygotic twins, that is, when a very early embryo separates into two pieces, each of which continues development, so that two embryos…
Type-1A diabetes A form of insulin dependent diabetes, usually becoming evident in childhood, resulting from an autoimmune reaction that destroys the pancreatic beta…