Food Biotechnology terms starting with I

162 terms

101. intensifying screen A plastic sheet impregnated with a rare-earth compound, such as calcium tungstate, which reacts to radiation by emitting light.
102. inter-simple sequence repeat (Abbreviation: ISSR). A PCR -based molecular marker assay of genomic sequence lying between adjacent microsatellites .
103. intercalary 1. Meristematic tissue or growth not restricted to the apex of an organ, i.e. growth at nodes. 2. Referring to internal segments of a chromosomes (i.e.
104. intercalary growth A pattern of stem elongation typical of grasses. Elongation proceeds from the lower internodes to the upper internodes through the differentiation of…
105. intercalating agent A chemical capable of inserting between adjacent base pairs in a double-stranded nucleic acid. A prominent example is ethidium bromide.
106. intercellular space The pore space between cells, especially typical of leaf tissues.
107. interfascicular cambium Cambium that arises between vascular bundles.
108. interference a proceeding, conducted before the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences (Board), to determine priority of invention between a pending application and…
109. interferon (in-ter-FEER-on) A biological response modifier (a substance that can improve the body's natural response to infections and other diseases).
110. intergeneric cross A hybrid made between parents belonging to two different genera.
111. Intergenic regions DNA sequences located between genes that comprise a large percentage of the human genome with no known function.
112. intergenic spacer (Abbreviation: IGS). Non-coding DNA separating tandemly arranged copies of a repeated gene sequence (typically ribosomal DNA ).
113. interleukin (in-ter-LOO-kin) One of a group of related proteins made by leukocytes (white blood cells) and other cells in the body.
114. internal guide sequence (Abbreviation: IGS). See: guide sequence.
115. internal transcribed spacer (Abbreviation: ITS). Non-coding regions separating the individual components of the ribosomal DNA units.
116. International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture The international treaty resulting from the revision of the International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources was adopted by the 2001 FAO Conference as…
117. International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources The first comprehensive voluntary, international agreement (adopted in 1983) dealing with plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.
118. internode The region of a stem between two successive nodes.
119. Interphase The stage in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing and during part of which DNA replication occurs; it follows telophase of one mitotic division…
120. intersex Synonym of hermaphrodite.
121. interspecific cross A hybrid made between parents belonging to two different species. See: intrageneric cross, intraspecific cross.
122. intervening sequence See: intron.
123. intracellular (IN-truh-SEL-yoo-ler) Inside a cell.
124. intracytoplasmic sperm injection (Abbreviation: ICSI). The micro-injection of a single sperm into the cytoplasm of a mature oocyte.
125. intrageneric Within a genus, such as an intrageneric cross, or intrageneric variation.
126. intrageneric cross A hybrid made between parents belonging to two species in the same genus. See: intraspecific cross, interspecific cross.
127. intragenic complementation Occurs when wild type phenotype is restored in an F1 individual made by crossing two independent mutants, carrying different heteroalleles.
128. intraspecific Within a species, such as an intraspecific cross, or intraspecific variation.
129. intraspecific cross A hybrid made between parents belonging to the same species. See: intrageneric cross, interspecific cross.
130. Introgression Backcrossing of hybrids of two plant populations to introduce new genes into a wild population.
131. Intron A noncoding DNA sequence within a gene that is initially transcribed into messenger RNA but is later snipped out.
132. Invasiveness Ability of a plant to spread beyond its introduction site and become established in new locations where it may provide a deliterious effect on organisms…
133. Inversion A chromosome re-arrangement, which involves the re-orientation of a segment so that the order of a linear array of genes within it is reversed.
134. inverted repeat Two sequences of nucleotides occurring in one strand, where, relative to the first sequence, the second has complementary bases but in the inverted order.
135. Ion An atom or molecule that has lost or gained one or more electrons and has become electrically charged as a result.
136. ion channel A protein integral to a cell membrane, through which selective ion transport occurs.
137. IPR Intellectual Property Rights
138. IPTG Abbreviation for isopropyl-3-D-thiogalactopyranoside. A synthetic inducer of beta-galactosidase activity in many bacteria.
139. irradiation (ih-RAY-dee-AY-shun) The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
140. IS element Abbreviation for insertion sequence element. A short (800-1400 nucleotide pairs) found in bacteria that is capable of transposing to a new genomic…
141. iso-electric focusing gel (Abbreviation: IEF gel). A variant of gel electrophoresis, in which macromolecules (usually protein s) are separated on the basis of differing…
142. iso-osmotic See: isotonic.
143. isoallele Multiple similar copies of a gene, usually located at independent positions in the genome, which encode similar gene products and produce the same, or a…
144. isochromosome A chromosome produced following an error in meiosis, in which the two arms are mirror images of each other.
145. isodiametric Commonly used to describe cells with equal diameters.
146. Isoenzyme See: isozyme.
147. isoform 1. A tissue-specific form of a protein. 2. Synonym of isoenzyme.
148. isogamy Fusion of gametes of similar size and structure.
149. isogenic A group of individuals that possesses the same genotype, irrespective of their being homozygous or heterozygous.
150. isogenic stock Strains of organisms that are genetically nearly identical, except with respect to identified genes.
151. isolating mechanism The properties of an organism that prevent interbreeding (and therefore exchange of genetic material) between members of different species that inhabit…
152. isolation medium An optimum plant tissue culture medium suitable for explant survival, growth and development.
153. isomer One of two or more compounds that have the same chemical formula but different arrangements of the atoms within the molecules and that may have different…
154. isomerase Any of a class of enzymes that catalyse the re-arrangement of the atoms within a molecule, thereby converting one isomer into another.
155. isotonic Solutions with the same osmotic potential, as a result of being of the same molar concentration.
156. isotope (I-soh-tope) A form of a chemical element in which the atoms have the same number of protons (part of the nucleus of an atom) but with a different number…
157. isozyme A genetic variant of an enzyme. Isozymes for a given enzyme share the same function, but may differ in level of activity, as a result of minor differences…
158. ISSR Abbreviation for inter-simple sequence repeat.
159. ITS Abbreviation for internal transcribed spacer.
160. IVEP Abbreviation for in vitro embryo production.
161. IVF Abbreviation for in vitro fertilization.
162. IVM Abbreviation for in vitro maturation.